Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Motivation

Types of Play

• Active play involves physical movement and promotes active and healthy lifestyles.

Effortful Control

• Effortful control is the ability to regulate one's behavior and emotions.
• Children start developing effortful control at around 12-18 months.

Sociodramatic Play

• Sociodramatic play has several benefits, including promoting social skills, empathy, and problem-solving.

Stages of Social Play

• Parallel play is a stage of social play where children play near each other but not interact.

Types of Motivation

• Extrinsic motivation is characterized by doing something for an external reward or to avoid punishment.
• Intrinsic motivation is characterized by doing something because you enjoy it or find it interesting.

Behaviors Exhibited by Children

• Children with intrinsic motivation typically exhibit behaviors such as persistence, enthusiasm, and creativity.
• Children with extrinsic motivation typically exhibit behaviors such as compliance, anxiety, and competition.

Warning about Extrinsic Rewards

• One warning about extrinsic rewards is that they can undermine intrinsic motivation.

Consequences of Child Maltreatment

• Long-term consequences of child maltreatment can include emotional problems, anxiety, and depression that persist into adulthood.
• Dodge's project found that around 20% of children were at high risk for bad treatment.

Emotional Problems

• Emotional problems that can persist into adulthood as a result of child maltreatment include anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.

Brain Parts Affected

• Child maltreatment can affect brain parts such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex, which play a role in controlling emotions.

Symptoms of PTSD

• Symptoms of PTSD that maltreated children may display include flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance of triggers.