Extrinsic Feedback in Cognitive Learning

Questions and Answers

What is the concept that describes the brain's inability to process too much information simultaneously?

Cognitive processing limit

Limited-channel capacity (correct)

Multi-channel overload

Single-channel capacity

What happens to performance when a person attempts to multitask beyond their processing capacity?

Performance suffers due to overload (correct)

Performance improves due to increased focus

Performance enhances due to better organization

Performance remains unaffected

In the single-channel hypothesis, how is information processed?

Only one piece of information can be processed at a time (correct)

All information is processed simultaneously

All verbal information is ignored

Information can be processed in multiple channels

Which stage of learning is characterized by making a large number of mistakes?

Cognitive stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the associative stage of learning?

Learners begin to understand and refine skills Signup and view all the answers

In the multi-channel hypothesis, what role do different channels play?

Each channel specializes in processing specific types of information Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely final outcome if a performer experiences limited-channel capacity in action?

Overload leading to decreased performance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misconception about the cognitive stage of learning?

Learning at this stage is quick and effortless Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of practicing skills in a structured way?

To ensure a skilled performance through effective rehearsal Signup and view all the answers

What does 'whole-part-whole practice' entail?

Performing the entire skill, breaking it down for focus, then practicing the complete skill again Signup and view all the answers

How does fixed practice differ from variable practice?

Fixed practice is repeated in one situation, while variable practice occurs in various situations Signup and view all the answers

What component of skilled performance is enhanced by breaking down skills into smaller parts?

Technique Signup and view all the answers

In the context of learning a defensive shot in cricket, which approach should be taken?

Combine parts of the skill for varied, focused practice in one session Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial to repeat a technique in varying situations?

It develops adaptability and application of the skill under pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in the whole-part-whole practice method in swimming?

Identifying a specific flaw in technique and addressing it during practice Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'drill' refer to in skill practice?

A steady routine of repetitive techniques in a single context Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of extrinsic feedback for cognitive stage learners?

It provides constant feedback necessary for learning. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of extrinsic feedback?

It needs to be delivered by a qualified coach. Signup and view all the answers

Why might extrinsic feedback be considered harmful to cognitive learners?

Poor-quality feedback could lead to a decline in performance. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can extrinsic feedback be beneficial for autonomous performers?

It can be combined with intrinsic feedback for better insights. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of knowledge of results feedback?

It may not always reflect actual skill level. Signup and view all the answers

What type of guidance involves using demonstrations or images?

Visual guidance Signup and view all the answers

Which type of practice involves practicing a skill in varied conditions?

Variable practice Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the cognitive stage of learning a skill?

Subroutines of the skill are broken down and learned. Signup and view all the answers

Which feedback type focuses on how well a performer judges their performance?

Knowledge of results Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback allows performers to adjust their techniques based on the physical feeling of a movement?

Intrinsic feedback Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does a learner typically combine subroutines of a skill?

Associative stage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of guidance provides a 'feel' for movement through direct physical assistance?

Mechanical guidance Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the autonomous stage of skill learning?

Performing the skill with unconscious thought. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following might indicate a need to return to an earlier stage of learning a skill?

Using incorrect techniques repeatedly. Signup and view all the answers

During the associative stage of learning a skill, what is an effective method a learner might adopt?

Controlling the environment to enhance focus. Signup and view all the answers

Mistakes made during the autonomous stage are characterized by which of the following?

Rare instances of mistakes but with the ability to analyze them. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus during the cognitive stage of skill learning?

Understanding and practicing techniques through demonstrations. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the learning stages, what role do demonstrations play?

They are essential during the cognitive and associative stages. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Performing Lay-Ups and Skill Development

Practicing lay-ups in variable environments with defenders enhances adaptability and skill execution.
Essential for skilled performance: repeat practice to refine technique.
Recognize six components of skilled performance for effective training.

Approaches to Practice

Whole Practice: Training the entire skill at once, useful for simple tasks.
Part Practice: Breaking the skill into segments, ideal for complex skills.
Whole-Part-Whole Practice: Start with the whole skill, practice parts, then perform the entire skill again.
Fixed Practice: Repeating the skill in a consistent environment.
Variable Practice: Practicing the skill in varied conditions to prepare for real situations.

Skill Examples

Whole-Part-Whole Example in Swimming:
- Full freestyle length; identify breathing issues.
- Practice breathing technique while stationary.
- Execute full freestyle with improved breathing.
Whole-Part-Whole Example in Badminton:
- Play a game; notice movement issues.
- Use drills to improve positioning and movement.
- Apply improvements in subsequent games.

Limited-Channel Capacity

Concept indicating the brain's ability to process limited information simultaneously.
Overloading may lead to decreased performance and confusion.

Single-Channel vs. Multi-Channel Hypotheses

Single-Channel Hypothesis: Only one piece of information can be processed at a time.
Multi-Channel Hypothesis: Multiple channels exist for processing different types of information, but performance drops if any channel is overloaded.

Stages of Learning

Transition from cognitive to associative to autonomous:
- Cognitive Stage: Learning occurs through errors and conscious effort; many mistakes are made.
- Associative Stage: Skills are combined, leading to improvement and consistency.
- Autonomous Stage: Skills are performed automatically with minimal conscious thought.

Learning Skills in Different Stages

Cognitive Stage (Basketball Lay-Up): Break down the skill. Focus on components like ball release and foot placement with frequent mistakes and the need for coaching.
Associative Stage (Basketball Lay-Up): Combine learned components, practice consistency, and start experimenting with advanced techniques in controlled settings.
Autonomous Stage (Basketball Lay-Up): Execute the skill effortlessly in competitive contexts, adapt to mistakes, and demonstrate accuracy and flair.

Feedback Types

Intrinsic Feedback: Performers adjust based on sensory experiences during the movement.
Extrinsic Feedback: External cues from coaches or observers; vital for beginners but can mislead if not qualified.
Knowledge of Results: Evaluates performance outcome; can motivate or demoralize based on perceived progress.

Guidance Techniques

Visual Guidance: Demonstrations to clarify what needs to be done.
Verbal Guidance: Explanations for understanding technique and strategies.
Mechanical/Manual Guidance: Physical assistance to develop muscle memory and movement feel.

Types of Practice

Whole Practice: Mimics real performance for development.
Part Practice: Skills divided into sections for focused training before integration.
Variable Practice: Prepares athletes for adaptable skills in varying scenarios.
Fixed Practice: Enhances consistency in practiced conditions, suitable for repetitive skills.

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of extrinsic feedback and evaluates its effectiveness for learners in the cognitive stage. It contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of this type of feedback and how it impacts skill development among beginners. Test your understanding of feedback mechanisms in learning.