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Questions and Answers
Which tract is responsible for enabling modulation of the stretch reflex by inhibiting extensor motor neurons?
Which tract is responsible for enabling modulation of the stretch reflex by inhibiting extensor motor neurons?
- Pain Modulation Tract
- Spinomesencephalic Tract
- Pontine Reticulospinal Tract
- Medullary Reticulospinal Tract (correct)
Where does the spinomesencephalic tract carry pain information to?
Where does the spinomesencephalic tract carry pain information to?
- Midbrain (correct)
- Pons
- Cerebral Cortex
- Medulla
Which part of the reticulospinal tract remains ipsilateral (does not cross)?
Which part of the reticulospinal tract remains ipsilateral (does not cross)?
- Medullary
- Spinal Cord
- Pontine (correct)
- Midbrain
What is the function of the descending motor pathway related to pain modulation?
What is the function of the descending motor pathway related to pain modulation?
Where do the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of the pyramidal tracts reside?
Where do the upper motor neurons (UMNs) of the pyramidal tracts reside?
Which tracts conduct signals regulating subconscious or postural body movements?
Which tracts conduct signals regulating subconscious or postural body movements?
Where are the lower motor neurons (LMNs) of both pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts located?
Where are the lower motor neurons (LMNs) of both pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts located?
Which motor tracts relay motor instructions from motor areas of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord?
Which motor tracts relay motor instructions from motor areas of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord?
Where do upper motor neurons (UMN) originate?
Where do upper motor neurons (UMN) originate?
Which tract terminates in the brainstem and synapses on cranial nerve nuclei?
Which tract terminates in the brainstem and synapses on cranial nerve nuclei?
Where does the corticospinal tract terminate?
Where does the corticospinal tract terminate?
Where do lower motor neurons (LMN) begin?
Where do lower motor neurons (LMN) begin?
What type of fibers form the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts?
What type of fibers form the lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts?
What are the specific symptoms associated with lesions of lower motor neurons?
What are the specific symptoms associated with lesions of lower motor neurons?
Which tracts are part of the pyramidal pathways?
Which tracts are part of the pyramidal pathways?
Which system regulates subconscious or postural body movements?
Which system regulates subconscious or postural body movements?
What role do lesions of upper motor neurons play in muscle tone changes?
What role do lesions of upper motor neurons play in muscle tone changes?
Which part of the brain is responsible for transmitting voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles through the corticospinal tract?
Which part of the brain is responsible for transmitting voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles through the corticospinal tract?
What is the result of lesions of lower motor neurons?
What is the result of lesions of lower motor neurons?
Which tract originates from the red nucleus of the midbrain and is involved in the mediation of involuntary movements, muscle tone, posture, and skeletal muscle control?
Which tract originates from the red nucleus of the midbrain and is involved in the mediation of involuntary movements, muscle tone, posture, and skeletal muscle control?
Which tract controls movements of the head in response to visual stimuli?
Which tract controls movements of the head in response to visual stimuli?
Which tract is essential for maintaining body balance and has two pathways: the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial vestibulospinal tract?
Which tract is essential for maintaining body balance and has two pathways: the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial vestibulospinal tract?
Which reticulospinal tract influences reflexes and voluntary movements, descends in the anterior column of the spinal cord, and carries autonomic information from the hypothalamus?
Which reticulospinal tract influences reflexes and voluntary movements, descends in the anterior column of the spinal cord, and carries autonomic information from the hypothalamus?
Which pathway of the vestibulospinal tracts regulates muscle tone in response to head movements and receives input from the inner ear via the vestibulocochlear nerve and the cerebellum?
Which pathway of the vestibulospinal tracts regulates muscle tone in response to head movements and receives input from the inner ear via the vestibulocochlear nerve and the cerebellum?
What does the tectospinal tract control?
What does the tectospinal tract control?
What is the function of rubrospinal tract?
What is the function of rubrospinal tract?
What is essential for maintaining body balance with two distinct pathways?
What is essential for maintaining body balance with two distinct pathways?
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Study Notes
Extrapyramidal System (EPS) and its Tracts
- EPS provides postural tone adjustment, preparation of predisposing tonic attitudes for involuntary movements, and control of automatic modifications of tone and movements
- Rubrospinal tract originates from the red nucleus of the midbrain, crosses the midline, and is involved in the mediation of involuntary movements, muscle tone, posture, and skeletal muscle control
- Rubrospinal tract is important for maintenance of muscle tone and regulation of motor skills, including hand and finger movements
- Tectospinal tract begins at the tectum of the midbrain, crosses soon after its origin, and controls movements of the head in response to visual stimuli
- Vestibulospinal tracts are essential for maintaining body balance and have two pathways: the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial vestibulospinal tract
- Lateral vestibulospinal tract regulates muscle tone in response to head movements and receives input from the inner ear via the vestibulocochlear nerve and the cerebellum
- Reticulospinal tracts have two pathways: pontine reticulospinal tract from the pons and medullary reticulospinal tract from the medulla
- Pontine tract influences reflexes and voluntary movements, descends in the anterior column of the spinal cord, and carries autonomic information from the hypothalamus
- Medullary tract descends in the lateral column of the spinal cord and influences reflexes, voluntary movements, and autonomic functions
- Both reticulospinal tracts receive input from the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and hypothalamus
- Rubrospinal tract regulates flexor-extensor tone and mobility between upper and lower limbs
- Tectospinal tract controls postural movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli
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