Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the boundaries of the orbit?
Which of the following best describes the boundaries of the orbit?
- Boundaries formed by seven bones, with four walls, an apex, and a base (correct)
- Formed by six bones of the skull
- Contains three walls and a base
- Pyramidal-shaped cavity with three sides
What structures are contained within the orbital cavities?
What structures are contained within the orbital cavities?
- Only the eyes and their muscles
- Eyes, muscles, and some fat
- Eyes, muscles, and lacrimal apparatus
- Eyes, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels (correct)
Which type of trauma may cause damage to the frontal lobe of the brain?
Which type of trauma may cause damage to the frontal lobe of the brain?
- Trauma to the maxillary sinus
- Fracture of the zygomatic bone
- Trauma to the ethmoidal & sphenoidal sinus
- All of the above (correct)
Which nerve innervates the Ciliary muscle and Sphincter pupillae?
Which nerve innervates the Ciliary muscle and Sphincter pupillae?
Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell bodies found for the innervation of the Ciliary muscle and Sphincter pupillae?
Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic nerve cell bodies found for the innervation of the Ciliary muscle and Sphincter pupillae?
Which muscle is innervated by the sympathetic system to cause dilation of the pupil?
Which muscle is innervated by the sympathetic system to cause dilation of the pupil?
What manifestation is a result of a lesion to the cervical sympathetic trunk, leading to Horner's Syndrome?
What manifestation is a result of a lesion to the cervical sympathetic trunk, leading to Horner's Syndrome?
Which nerve is responsible for the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in the eye?
Which nerve is responsible for the movement of the lateral rectus muscle in the eye?
What is the main function of the Dilator pupillae muscle?
What is the main function of the Dilator pupillae muscle?
Which structure do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers join before reaching the iris to innervate the Dilator pupillae muscle?
Which structure do the postganglionic sympathetic fibers join before reaching the iris to innervate the Dilator pupillae muscle?
Where are the preganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies located for the innervation of the Dilator pupillae muscle?
Where are the preganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies located for the innervation of the Dilator pupillae muscle?
Which structure is responsible for changing the shape of the lens to focus on near objects?
Which structure is responsible for changing the shape of the lens to focus on near objects?
What is responsible for producing and secreting tears?
What is responsible for producing and secreting tears?
The orbit contains several openings, including the optic canal. What structures pass through the optic canal?
The orbit contains several openings, including the optic canal. What structures pass through the optic canal?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelid?
Which muscle is responsible for closing the eyelid?
How many layers does the eyeball have?
How many layers does the eyeball have?
Which nerve controls the ciliary muscle within the ciliary body?
Which nerve controls the ciliary muscle within the ciliary body?
What is responsible for keeping the upper eyelid elevated?
What is responsible for keeping the upper eyelid elevated?
Where are the extraocular muscles located?
Where are the extraocular muscles located?
How many sets of muscles does the iris have?
How many sets of muscles does the iris have?
What is responsible for elicit movement of the eye?
What is responsible for elicit movement of the eye?
Which opening in the orbit allows passage of oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve?
Which opening in the orbit allows passage of oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve, and branches of ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve?
Which nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain?
Which nerve transmits visual information from the eye to the brain?
Which artery supplies blood to the eyeball and orbit structures?
Which artery supplies blood to the eyeball and orbit structures?
Which muscles are the only ones acting in the X-axis and are important for clinical testing?
Which muscles are the only ones acting in the X-axis and are important for clinical testing?
What is the mnemonic for the innervation of extraocular muscles?
What is the mnemonic for the innervation of extraocular muscles?
Which muscles must be isolated for clinical testing by aligning muscle pull with the gaze of the orbit?
Which muscles must be isolated for clinical testing by aligning muscle pull with the gaze of the orbit?
What is the function of the Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve?
What is the function of the Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve?
Which veins drain blood from the orbit and eye?
Which veins drain blood from the orbit and eye?
What is the function of Trochlear nerve [IV]?
What is the function of Trochlear nerve [IV]?
What is the role of Superior rectus muscle?
What is the role of Superior rectus muscle?
Which nerve innervates the extraocular muscles and the eye?
Which nerve innervates the extraocular muscles and the eye?
Which of the following boundaries is matched to its respective bone?
Which of the following boundaries is matched to its respective bone?
Match each opening of the orbit to its contents
Match each opening of the orbit to its contents
Match each layer of the eyeball to its contents
Match each layer of the eyeball to its contents
Match each muscle of the orbit to its actions
Match each muscle of the orbit to its actions
Match each nerve palsy to its appropriate description
Match each nerve palsy to its appropriate description
Which nerve is paired with the muscle(s) it innervates?
Which nerve is paired with the muscle(s) it innervates?
Ophthalmic artery is a branch off of which artery?
Ophthalmic artery is a branch off of which artery?
Occlusion of which of the following arteries of the eye leads to blindness?
Occlusion of which of the following arteries of the eye leads to blindness?
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Study Notes
- Trochlea and six extraocular muscles: Levator palpebrae superioris, Superior oblique, Superior rectus, Medial rectus, Inferior oblique, and Inferior rectus
- Medial and lateral rectus are the only muscles acting in the X-axis, important for clinical testing
- Superior and inferior rectus, oblique muscles, are the only muscles that elevate the eye (look up) in the Y-axis
- Superior rectus and inferior oblique muscles must be isolated for clinical testing by aligning muscle pull with the gaze of the orbit
- Superior oblique and inferior rectus muscles are the only muscles that depress the eye (look down) in the Y-axis
- Innervation of extraocular muscles: LR6 SO4 AO3 (mnemonic)
- Optic nerve, a sensory nerve, transmits visual information from the eye to the brain
- Ophthalmic division of Trigeminal nerve, a sensory nerve, provides sensation to the eyeball and surrounding area
- Motor nerves, Oculomotor [III], Trochlear [IV], Abducens [VI], innervate the extraocular muscles and the eye
- Ophthalmic artery, a branch of the internal carotid artery, supplies blood to the eyeball and orbit structures
- Two venous channels, superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, drain blood from the orbit and eye.
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