Extraction Methods and Solvents Study

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz

Study Flashcards

Spaced Repetition

Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What are the ideal properties of solvents used in extraction?

Highly selective, non-reactive, low price, harmless, volatile, non-miscible with water, high capacity, different density from water, low viscosity

Explain the mechanism of extraction involving microwave-assisted extraction.

Solvent interacts with plant cells under the influence of microwave radiation to facilitate compound extraction.

What are the factors that can affect the extraction process?

Nature of drug, solvent, temperature, pH, particle size

List three advantages of ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Faster extraction, higher yield, reduced solvent consumption Signup and view all the answers

What are three applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction?

Pharmaceuticals, food industry, environmental analysis Signup and view all the answers

Name three common extraction solvents used in the process.

Ethanol, methanol, chloroform Signup and view all the answers

What are the properties of an ideal solvent for extraction?

<ol> <li>Be highly selective for the compound to be extracted. 2. Have a high capacity for extraction. 3. Not react with the extracted compound or other compounds.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are some difficulties encountered in the extraction process?

Different active constituents require advanced knowledge, insoluble matters can affect the process, and wet material can lead to microbial growth. Signup and view all the answers

What are some common solvents used in extraction and their target compounds?

Petroleum ether: Fixed oils, Phytoglycerols; Benzene: Fixed oils, Phytosterols; Chloroform: Alkaloids; Acetone: Phytosterols; Ethanol: Carbohydrates, Glycosides; Water: Proteins, Amino acids, Glycosides, Gums, Carbohydrates. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of ultrasound-assisted extraction?

Faster extraction process compared to traditional methods. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of ultrasound-assisted extraction?

High initial setup cost of ultrasound equipment. Signup and view all the answers

What are some applications of ultrasound-assisted extraction?

Used in extracting bioactive compounds from plant materials, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Signup and view all the answers

What is extraction?

Extraction is the method of removing active constituents from a solid or liquid by means of liquid solvent. Signup and view all the answers

Define extracts.

Extracts are preparations of crude drugs containing all the constituents soluble in the solvent. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'marc' in the extraction process?

Marc is the solid residue obtained after extraction. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'menstruum' in extraction.

Menstruum is the solvent used for extraction. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of extracts mentioned in the text?

Dry extract (e.g., belladonna extract), Soft extract (e.g., glycerrhiza extract), Liquid extract (e.g., tincture). Signup and view all the answers

How are extractive substances released from plant cells during extraction?

Extractive substances are released by the dissolution out of disintegrated cells, diffusion out of intact plant cells, penetration of solvent into the cells, and swelling of cells. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying