38 Questions
What is the primary function of saliva in the oral cavity?
To provide stability in the oral cavity environment
Which of the following glands is responsible for producing saliva rich in calcium ions and glycoproteins?
Submaxillary gland
What is the average unstimulated salivary flow velocity in humans?
0.5 mL/minute
What can inhibit the secretion of saliva?
All of the above
How is xerostomia defined?
A diminution of salivary flow by half
What is the major component of saliva?
Water
What is the normal range of pH for saliva?
6-6.5
Which of the following substances is NOT a component of salivary fluid?
Sodium chloride
What is the role of saliva in dental plaque formation?
Mediating bacteria adhesion to teeth surface
Which substance is responsible for facilitating the adherence of bacteria to enamel in dental caries?
Fructans
What is the primary role of crevicular fluid in the oral cavity?
Protection against bacterial infection
Which biomarker can be used for genotyping and diagnosing head and neck carcinomas?
p53
What is the pH of acid-stimulated saliva?
$7.5-8$
Which substance is responsible for regulating the pH in the oral cavity by diluting acids?
$\text{HCO3}^-$
Which component is NOT part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of periodontal tissues?
$\text{Saliva}$
What role does salivary fluid play in dental caries?
$\text{Neutralizing}$ acids produced by bacteria
What is the primary function of crevicular fluid in the gingival sulcus?
Protecting against bacterial infection
Which biomarker can be used for diagnosing HIV and hepatitis B and C?
Immunoglobulins
What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) as mentioned in the text?
Participate in regulation of activity of cells, influencing their metabolic functions
Which type of collagen is the major protein of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in vertebrates?
Type I collagen
What is the main function of collagen as described in the text?
Interacting with other proteins to build tissues and organs
In which animal tissues is the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) very important, as indicated in the text?
Connective tissue and dental tissues
What is the main role of integrins as mentioned in the text?
Facilitate cell-Extracellular Matrix (ECM) adhesion
Which glycoprotein is present in the basal lamina of epithelial and endothelial tissues?
Fibronectin
What is the main function of elastin as described in the text?
Formation of elastic fibers for tissue stretchability and resilience
What does laminin bind to as indicated in the text?
Collagen type IV and sulfate lipids
Which of the following is a primary function of hyaluronic acid in periodontal tissue?
Participating in the repair of tissues after gingivitis or dental interventions
What is the primary role of metalloproteases (MMPs) in periodontal connective tissue destruction and remodeling?
Contributing to tissue degradation and remodeling
What is the characteristic feature of hyaluronic acid that distinguishes it from other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?
It contains no sulfated sugars
What differentiates oxytalan fibers from other types of fibers in the periodontal ligament?
They occasionally insert into cementum
In what process do metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role?
Tissue modification after its function has finished
What is the main function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
Contributing to tissue hydration and cell migration
Which component is NOT a part of the periodontal ligament?
Dentin
What is the characteristic feature of oxytalan fibers in the periodontal ligament?
Contain elastin microfibrils without sulfate groups
What role do proteoglycans play in the extracellular matrix?
Providing mechanical support and structural integrity to connective tissues
What distinguishes hyaluronic acid from other glycosaminoglycans in terms of structure?
It consists of a single long chain with no sulfated sugars
What is the function of oxytalan fibers in the periodontal ligament?
Contributing to tensile strength and resiliency of connective tissue
What is the primary role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?
Attracting large amounts of water and enabling rapid diffusion of substances
Study Notes
Saliva and Oral Cavity
- Saliva's primary function in the oral cavity is to facilitate digestion, lubricate food, and protect the oral mucosa.
- The parotid gland is responsible for producing saliva rich in calcium ions and glycoproteins.
- The average unstimulated salivary flow velocity in humans is approximately 0.3-0.4 mL/min.
- Saliva secretion can be inhibited by various factors, including fear, anxiety, and certain medications.
- Xerostomia is defined as a dry mouth, characterized by a significant decrease in saliva production.
- The major component of saliva is water, making up approximately 99%.
- The normal range of pH for saliva is between 6.4 and 7.4.
Dental Plaque and Caries
- Saliva plays a role in dental plaque formation by facilitating the adhesion of bacteria to enamel.
- The substance responsible for facilitating the adherence of bacteria to enamel in dental caries is streptococcal adhesins.
- Salivary fluid can inhibit the growth of bacteria and help prevent dental caries.
Crevice Fluid and Gingival Sulcus
- The primary role of crevicular fluid in the oral cavity is to provide a medium for the exchange of substances between the gingival sulcus and the underlying tissues.
- The primary function of crevicular fluid in the gingival sulcus is to facilitate the removal of waste products and toxins.
Biomarkers and Diseases
- Saliva can be used as a biomarker for genotyping and diagnosing head and neck carcinomas.
- Saliva can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing HIV and hepatitis B and C.
Extracellular Matrix (ECM)
- The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a critical component of periodontal tissues, providing structure and support.
- The primary function of the ECM is to regulate cell behavior and facilitate tissue development.
- Type I collagen is the major protein of the ECM in vertebrates.
- Collagen provides strength, structure, and stability to the ECM.
- The ECM is very important in animal tissues, particularly in connective tissue.
- Integrins play a crucial role in facilitating cell-ECM interactions.
ECM Components
- Laminin is a glycoprotein present in the basal lamina of epithelial and endothelial tissues.
- Elastin provides elasticity to the ECM.
- Laminin binds to type IV collagen and integrins.
- Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
- Metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role in periodontal connective tissue destruction and remodeling.
- Hyaluronic acid is distinguished from other GAGs by its high molecular weight and ability to bind large amounts of water.
- Oxytalan fibers are a type of fiber found in the periodontal ligament, characterized by their high elastic modulus.
- Metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tissue destruction and remodeling.
- Proteoglycans play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
- Oxytalan fibers are not found in the gingival connective tissue.
- Hyaluronic acid is distinguished from other GAGs by its ability to bind large amounts of water.
- Proteoglycans play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
- Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
- Oxytalan fibers provide elasticity to the periodontal ligament.
Test your knowledge about the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) which provides physical scaffolding for cellular constituents and is involved in various biological processes. Explore the roles and components of ECM in this quiz.
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