Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Functions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of saliva in the oral cavity?

  • To facilitate the movement of food during swallowing
  • To aid in digestion of carbohydrates
  • To provide stability in the oral cavity environment (correct)
  • To regulate the pH of the oral cavity

    • Which of the following glands is responsible for producing saliva rich in calcium ions and glycoproteins?

  • Sublingual gland
  • Parotid gland
  • Accesory glands
  • Submaxillary gland (correct)

    • What is the average unstimulated salivary flow velocity in humans?

  • 5 mL/minute
  • 0.5 mL/minute (correct)
  • 1 mL/minute
  • 3 mL/minute

    • What can inhibit the secretion of saliva?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is xerostomia defined?

    <p>A diminution of salivary flow by half</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of saliva?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of pH for saliva?

    <p>6-6.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT a component of salivary fluid?

    <p>Sodium chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of saliva in dental plaque formation?

    <p>Mediating bacteria adhesion to teeth surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is responsible for facilitating the adherence of bacteria to enamel in dental caries?

    <p>Fructans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of crevicular fluid in the oral cavity?

    <p>Protection against bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomarker can be used for genotyping and diagnosing head and neck carcinomas?

    <p>p53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of acid-stimulated saliva?

    <p>$7.5-8$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is responsible for regulating the pH in the oral cavity by diluting acids?

    <p>$\text{HCO3}^-$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of periodontal tissues?

    <p>$\text{Saliva}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does salivary fluid play in dental caries?

    <p>$\text{Neutralizing}$ acids produced by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of crevicular fluid in the gingival sulcus?

    <p>Protecting against bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biomarker can be used for diagnosing HIV and hepatitis B and C?

    <p>Immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Participate in regulation of activity of cells, influencing their metabolic functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is the major protein of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in vertebrates?

    <p>Type I collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of collagen as described in the text?

    <p>Interacting with other proteins to build tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which animal tissues is the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) very important, as indicated in the text?

    <p>Connective tissue and dental tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of integrins as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Facilitate cell-Extracellular Matrix (ECM) adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glycoprotein is present in the basal lamina of epithelial and endothelial tissues?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of elastin as described in the text?

    <p>Formation of elastic fibers for tissue stretchability and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does laminin bind to as indicated in the text?

    <p>Collagen type IV and sulfate lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of hyaluronic acid in periodontal tissue?

    <p>Participating in the repair of tissues after gingivitis or dental interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of metalloproteases (MMPs) in periodontal connective tissue destruction and remodeling?

    <p>Contributing to tissue degradation and remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of hyaluronic acid that distinguishes it from other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

    <p>It contains no sulfated sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates oxytalan fibers from other types of fibers in the periodontal ligament?

    <p>They occasionally insert into cementum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what process do metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role?

    <p>Tissue modification after its function has finished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Contributing to tissue hydration and cell migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT a part of the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Dentin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of oxytalan fibers in the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Contain elastin microfibrils without sulfate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do proteoglycans play in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing mechanical support and structural integrity to connective tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes hyaluronic acid from other glycosaminoglycans in terms of structure?

    <p>It consists of a single long chain with no sulfated sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytalan fibers in the periodontal ligament?

    <p>Contributing to tensile strength and resiliency of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Attracting large amounts of water and enabling rapid diffusion of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Saliva and Oral Cavity

    • Saliva's primary function in the oral cavity is to facilitate digestion, lubricate food, and protect the oral mucosa.
    • The parotid gland is responsible for producing saliva rich in calcium ions and glycoproteins.
    • The average unstimulated salivary flow velocity in humans is approximately 0.3-0.4 mL/min.
    • Saliva secretion can be inhibited by various factors, including fear, anxiety, and certain medications.
    • Xerostomia is defined as a dry mouth, characterized by a significant decrease in saliva production.
    • The major component of saliva is water, making up approximately 99%.
    • The normal range of pH for saliva is between 6.4 and 7.4.

    Dental Plaque and Caries

    • Saliva plays a role in dental plaque formation by facilitating the adhesion of bacteria to enamel.
    • The substance responsible for facilitating the adherence of bacteria to enamel in dental caries is streptococcal adhesins.
    • Salivary fluid can inhibit the growth of bacteria and help prevent dental caries.

    Crevice Fluid and Gingival Sulcus

    • The primary role of crevicular fluid in the oral cavity is to provide a medium for the exchange of substances between the gingival sulcus and the underlying tissues.
    • The primary function of crevicular fluid in the gingival sulcus is to facilitate the removal of waste products and toxins.

    Biomarkers and Diseases

    • Saliva can be used as a biomarker for genotyping and diagnosing head and neck carcinomas.
    • Saliva can be used as a biomarker for diagnosing HIV and hepatitis B and C.

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

    • The Extracellular Matrix (ECM) is a critical component of periodontal tissues, providing structure and support.
    • The primary function of the ECM is to regulate cell behavior and facilitate tissue development.
    • Type I collagen is the major protein of the ECM in vertebrates.
    • Collagen provides strength, structure, and stability to the ECM.
    • The ECM is very important in animal tissues, particularly in connective tissue.
    • Integrins play a crucial role in facilitating cell-ECM interactions.

    ECM Components

    • Laminin is a glycoprotein present in the basal lamina of epithelial and endothelial tissues.
    • Elastin provides elasticity to the ECM.
    • Laminin binds to type IV collagen and integrins.
    • Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) that plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
    • Metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role in periodontal connective tissue destruction and remodeling.
    • Hyaluronic acid is distinguished from other GAGs by its high molecular weight and ability to bind large amounts of water.
    • Oxytalan fibers are a type of fiber found in the periodontal ligament, characterized by their high elastic modulus.
    • Metalloproteases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tissue destruction and remodeling.
    • Proteoglycans play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
    • Oxytalan fibers are not found in the gingival connective tissue.
    • Hyaluronic acid is distinguished from other GAGs by its ability to bind large amounts of water.
    • Proteoglycans play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
    • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play a crucial role in maintaining tissue hydration and structure.
    • Oxytalan fibers provide elasticity to the periodontal ligament.

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