Extracellular Matrix and Collagen Composition
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyaluronan?

  • Composed of D-glucuronate + GlcNAc
  • Composed of 25,000 subunits (correct)
  • Made directly inside the cell
  • Has a high sulfate content

    • GAGs are exclusively found within cells.

    False

    What is the primary role of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    They provide structural support and facilitate cell signaling.

    Heparin is composed of D-glucuronate-2-sulfate + N-sulfo-D-______.

    <p>glucosamine-6-sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following GAGs with their composition:

    <p>Hyaluronan = D-glucuronate + GlcNAc Chondroitin sulfates = D-glucuronate + GalNAc-6 (or 4)-sulfate Dermatan sulfate = D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) or L-iduronate (IdoA) + GalNAc-sulfate Keratan sulfates = Galactose + galactose-6-sulfate + GlcNAc-6-sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of endostatin?

    <p>Inhibits angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elastic fibers are primarily composed of collagen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is responsible for the deamination of collagen fibrils?

    <p>lysyl oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major component of elastic fibers is __________.

    <p>elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>Endostatin = Inhibits angiogenesis Lysyl oxidase = Deaminates collagen Elastin = Provides elasticity to tissues Fibrillin = Forms structural support for elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to elastin as a person ages?

    <p>It degrades and becomes inflexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cross-links formed by desmosine and isodesmosine are vital for the elasticity of connective tissues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the elastic modulus of elastic fibers approximately?

    <p>0.1 MPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The extracellular matrix provides structural support and regulates cell differentiation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure characterizes collagen molecules?

    <p>Triple helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an adhesive glycoprotein?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elastin is known for its ________ and is often compared to a rubber band.

    <p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteoglycans are considered to primarily provide structural support in the ECM.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the extracellular matrix with their respective functions:

    <p>Collagen = Provides tensile strength Elastin = Provides elasticity Fibronectin = Mediates cell adhesion Laminin = Supports cell structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids are abundant in collagen molecules?

    <p>Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of adhesive glycoproteins in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>To bind ECM to cells and facilitate various interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Proteoglycans consist of protein-carbohydrate complexes that contribute to the volume within the ECM.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Laminin is a large multiadhesive matrix protein found in all __________.

    <p>basal laminae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their roles in the extracellular matrix:

    <p>Fibronectin = Adhesive glycoprotein Collagen = Structural protein Laminin = Binding and signaling Proteoglycan = Regulates cell interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define adhesive glycoproteins and provide two examples.

    <p>Adhesive glycoproteins are proteins that mediate cell adhesion; examples include fibronectin and laminin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>ECM plays a vital role in regulating cellular functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type IV collagen is an important component of the basal lamina.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a key characteristic of fibrous proteins.

    <p>They are long, flexible molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Composition

    • ECM is the milieu outside the cell.
    • Major ECM components include fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins.
    • Fibrous proteins provide tensile strength and elasticity (e.g., collagen, elastin).
    • Proteoglycans are protein-carbohydrate complexes that give volume, support cell adhesion, and bind growth factors.
    • Adhesive glycoproteins mediate cell adhesion (e.g., fibronectin, laminin).

    Collagen

    • Abundant amino acids in collagen include glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline.
    • Collagen features a triple helix structure (three fibers intertwined).
    • Synthesized as procollagen, which is processed into tropocollagen.
    • Fibril-forming or fibril-associated collagens are insoluble.

    Elastin

    • Provides elasticity to tissue.
    • Rich in hydrophobic amino acids.
    • Insoluble and synthesized as proelastin, which is processed into tropoelastin.
    • Cross-linked outside the cell to form insoluble elastin.

    Collagen vs. Elastin

    • Collagen provides tensile strength and resistance to stretching.
    • Elastin allows tissues to deform and recoil.

    Proteoglycans

    • Proteoglycans are proteins attached to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
    • GAGs are highly diverse with varying core proteins, GAG compositions, lengths, and sulfation patterns.
    • Examples of GAGs include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfates, heparin, and heparan sulfates.

    Adhesive Glycoproteins

    • Long flexible molecules with binding domains.
    • Bind ECM to cells.
    • Examples include:
      • Fibronectin
      • Laminin

    Basal Lamina

    • A specialized ECM layer that underlies epithelial tissues.
    • Composed of type IV collagen, laminin, nidogen, and perlecan.
    • Provides structural support and serves as a barrier between tissues.

    Key takeaways

    • ECM is vital and dynamic, playing a crucial role in tissue structure and function.
    • Collagen and elastin contribute to tissue strength and elasticity.
    • Proteoglycans are important for tissue volume, cell adhesion, and growth factor binding.
    • Adhesive glycoproteins mediate cell interactions with the ECM.
    • The basal lamina is a specialized ECM layer with crucial functions in tissue integrity and cell signaling.

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    Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate details of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its key components, including collagen and elastin. This quiz covers the structure, synthesis, and roles of fibrous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins in providing tissue support and elasticity. Test your understanding of these essential biological materials.

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