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Questions and Answers
What is the process in which soil and weathered rocks are transported from one place to another?
Which of the following is NOT an example of mechanical weathering?
What is the process where eroded soil is deposited in other places?
Which of the following is NOT a source of Earth's internal heat?
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What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
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What is the formation of magma primarily caused by?
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What type of weathering involves the breaking down of rocks due to living organisms?
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Which process results in the formation of new minerals?
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According to the Principle of Superposition, which rock layer is older in an undisturbed sequence of stratified rocks?
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What does Absolute Dating determine?
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Who proposed the Principle of Uniformitarianism?
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In which type of unconformity are strata deposited on an eroded igneous or metamorphic rock?
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What are fossils often preserved in?
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Who is known as the Father of modern stratigraphy?
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What type of rock makes up the Oceanic Crust?
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Which layer of the Earth's core is liquid?
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What are the agents of weathering?
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What type of weathering involves living organisms causing weathering?
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What is the process in which soil and weathered rocks are transported from one place to another?
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What causes the formation of magma?
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Which type of unconformity involves strata deposited on an eroded igneous or metamorphic rock?
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What is the process in which crystals are packed together creating a new crystal structure?
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What are the sources of Earth's internal heat?
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Which scientist proposed the Principle of Uniformitarianism?
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What describes a sedimentary layer that is deposited over an eroded, tilted, or folded rock?
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What are fossils often preserved in?
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What is the boundary between the crust and mantle called?
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What is the process that results in the formation of new minerals?
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According to the Principle of Superposition, which rock layer is older in an undisturbed sequence of stratified rocks?
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Who proposed the idea that historical events on Earth can be determined by sedimentary rocks?
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Which type of unconformity describes strata that are deposited on an eroded area?
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What is the thickest layer of the Earth?
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Study Notes
Geologic Processes
- Soil and weathered rocks are transported through erosion.
- Deposition is the process where eroded soil is laid down in new locations.
- The formation of magma is primarily caused by increased temperature and pressure within the Earth.
Types of Weathering
- Mechanical weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without chemical change.
- An example of biological weathering is when living organisms, like plants, contribute to rock weathering.
- Chemical weathering is a process that includes the alteration of rock minerals due to chemical reactions, resulting in new mineral formation.
Earth's Structure
- The thickest layer of the Earth is the mantle.
- The Oceanic Crust is primarily composed of basalt.
- The outer core of the Earth is in a liquid state.
Dating and Stratigraphy
- Absolute Dating determines the exact age of rocks and fossils.
- The Principle of Superposition states that in undisturbed strata, the oldest rock layers are at the bottom.
- The Principle of Uniformitarianism was proposed by James Hutton, emphasizing that present geological processes can explain past events.
Types of Unconformity
- An unconformity occurs when strata are deposited on eroded igneous or metamorphic rock.
- A type of unconformity, when sediment layers are deposited over tilted or folded rock, is known as an angular unconformity.
Fossils and Preservation
- Fossils are often preserved in sedimentary rocks, which can trap and encase organic materials.
Earth's Heat and Agents of Weathering
- Sources of Earth's internal heat include radioactive decay, primordial heat, and friction.
- Agents of weathering include water, ice, wind, and biological organisms.
Additional Geological Processes
- The process where crystals are packed together to form a new structure is called crystallization.
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Description
Test your knowledge about external earth processes, also known as exogenic processes, which occur near or on the earth's surface. Learn about weathering, including its agents and types such as mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering.
