Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the interaction between processes in the Earth system?
Which of the following describes the interaction between processes in the Earth system?
- Erosion and gravity act independently of weathering.
- External processes break down rocks, while internal processes transport the debris.
- Internal processes operate independently of external processes.
- Internal processes elevate land, while external processes wear it down. (correct)
Why does mechanical weathering increase the rate of chemical weathering?
Why does mechanical weathering increase the rate of chemical weathering?
- It decreases the amount of water available for chemical reactions.
- It changes the mineral composition of the rock.
- It increases the surface area exposed to chemical attack. (correct)
- It cools the rock, making it more susceptible to chemical reactions.
What is the primary way that roots lead to mechanical weathering?
What is the primary way that roots lead to mechanical weathering?
- Roots attract animals that break down rocks.
- Roots absorb water from rocks, drying them out.
- Roots produce acids that dissolve rock.
- Roots grow into fractures and expand, widening them. (correct)
Which of the following best explains why repeated cycles of freezing and thawing contribute to mechanical weathering?
Which of the following best explains why repeated cycles of freezing and thawing contribute to mechanical weathering?
What is the relationship between pressure and exfoliation domes?
What is the relationship between pressure and exfoliation domes?
Why do rocks in deserts sometimes show more fragmentation than rocks in humid areas, despite less chemical weathering?
Why do rocks in deserts sometimes show more fragmentation than rocks in humid areas, despite less chemical weathering?
What role does water play in chemical weathering?
What role does water play in chemical weathering?
Which mineral dissolves most easily in water?
Which mineral dissolves most easily in water?
How does carbonic acid contribute to chemical weathering?
How does carbonic acid contribute to chemical weathering?
Why is oxidation an important process in chemical weathering?
Why is oxidation an important process in chemical weathering?
What are the products of the chemical weathering of potassium feldspar?
What are the products of the chemical weathering of potassium feldspar?
Why does olivine weather more rapidly in comparison to quartz?
Why does olivine weather more rapidly in comparison to quartz?
In which climate would chemical weathering be most effective?
In which climate would chemical weathering be most effective?
Why do gravestones made of marble show more weathering than those made of granite?
Why do gravestones made of marble show more weathering than those made of granite?
What is differential weathering?
What is differential weathering?
Which of the following best describes the composition of soil?
Which of the following best describes the composition of soil?
What is the role of humus in soil?
What is the role of humus in soil?
Why is soil described as an interface in the Earth system?
Why is soil described as an interface in the Earth system?
What is a transported soil?
What is a transported soil?
How does time affect soil formation?
How does time affect soil formation?
What is the primary effect of climate in soil formation?
What is the primary effect of climate in soil formation?
How do plants and animals contribute to soil formation?
How do plants and animals contribute to soil formation?
How does topography affect soil development?
How does topography affect soil development?
Which of the following best describes a soil horizon?
Which of the following best describes a soil horizon?
How do eluviation alter the typical soil?
How do eluviation alter the typical soil?
Why is soil erosion a significant environmental problem?
Why is soil erosion a significant environmental problem?
What is one way that humans can reduce soil erosion?
What is one way that humans can reduce soil erosion?
What is one effect of sedimentation?
What is one effect of sedimentation?
What is the end result of sedimentation?
What is the end result of sedimentation?
Flashcards
Meteorización
Meteorización
Fragmentación fÃsica y alteración quÃmica de rocas en la superficie terrestre.
Meteorización mecánica
Meteorización mecánica
Rotura de rocas en fragmentos más pequeños por fuerzas fÃsicas.
Gelifracción
Gelifracción
Fragmentación de rocas por ciclos de congelación y deshielo del agua.
Descompresión
Descompresión
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Meteorización quÃmica
Meteorización quÃmica
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Oxidación
Oxidación
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Hidrólisis
Hidrólisis
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Velocidades de meteorización
Velocidades de meteorización
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Suelo
Suelo
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Una interfase en el sistema la Tierra
Una interfase en el sistema la Tierra
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Regolito
Regolito
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Factores formadores del suelo
Factores formadores del suelo
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Roca madre
Roca madre
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El perfil del suelo
El perfil del suelo
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Horizonte O
Horizonte O
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Horizonte E
Horizonte E
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Horizonte B
Horizonte B
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Horizonte C
Horizonte C
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Gelisoles
Gelisoles
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Histosoles
Histosoles
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Erosión del suelo
Erosión del suelo
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Erosión laminar
Erosión laminar
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Sedimentación y contaminación quÃmica
Sedimentación y contaminación quÃmica
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Study Notes
External Earth Processes
- External processes, driven by solar energy, occur at or near the Earth's surface.
- Weathering, mass wasting, and erosion are external Earth processes.
- These processes transform solid rock into sediment, a vital part of the rock cycle.
- Over vast timescales, mountains yield to weathering and erosion, lakes fill with sediment or drain, and deserts shift with climate changes.
- Earth exhibits a dynamic nature.
Weathering Defined
- Weathering involves the physical fragmentation (disintegration) and chemical alteration (decomposition) of rocks at or near the Earth's surface.
- Erosion and gravity remove debris as weathering breaks down rocks.
- This transportation exacerbates disintegration.
Mechanical Weathering
- Mechanical weathering involves physical forces breaking down rocks into smaller pieces.
- It increases the surface area available for chemical attack.
- Important physical processes include frost wedging, unloading, thermal expansion, and biological activity.
- Dynamic agents (wind, glacial ice, and flowing water) play a crucial role in disintegrating rocks.
Frost Wedging
- Repeated freeze-thaw cycles are a potent form of mechanical weathering.
- Liquid water expands by approximately 9% upon freezing.
- This expansion exerts tremendous outward pressure in confined spaces.
- Expansion of water causes rocks to break apart along angular fractures.
Unloading
- Large masses of igneous rock, particularly granite, exfoliate as concentric slabs shear off when exposed by erosion; this results in exfoliation domes.
- The process occurs due to pressure reduction.
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Description
Explore external Earth processes like weathering, mass wasting, and erosion, driven by solar energy at the Earth's surface. These processes break down solid rock into sediment, a crucial part of the rock cycle. Discover how mountains erode, lakes fill, and deserts change over time, revealing Earth's dynamic nature.
