60 Questions
Which of the following is a characteristic of secondary metabolites?
They are produced along offshoots of primary pathways
Which of the following is a function of secondary metabolites in plants?
Attracting insect and bird pollinators to flowers
Which biosynthetic pathway leads to amino acids and aromatics?
Shikimic Acid Pathway
What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolism?
Primary metabolism provides chemical building blocks for all important secondary metabolites
Which compound is a major constituent of peppermint oil?
Menthol
Which compound is found in many plants and gives a citrus smell?
Citral
Which compound is a chief constituent of eucalyptus oils and used in antiseptics?
Cineole
Which compound is derived from endo-peroxidation of limonene and used as a laxative and insecticide?
Ascaridole
Which type of enzyme catalyzes redox reactions by transferring electrons from a donor to a receptor?
Oxidoreductases
Which type of enzyme incorporates oxygen into a substrate as oxidation occurs?
Oxygenases
Which type of enzyme transfers groups containing carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur from one substrate to another?
Transferases
Which type of enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of CO and CN bonds?
Hydrolases
Which molecule is the primary precursor of IPP and therefore all terpenoids?
Mevalonic acid
Which type of carbon becomes chiral in the biosynthesis of C5 isoprenoids from MVA?
Prochiral carbon
What is the most common pro-ligand in the biosynthesis of MVA?
Hydrogen atoms
What is the main point of regulation in isoprenoid biosynthesis?
HMG-CoA reductase
Which of the following is NOT a natural product used in medicine, agriculture, and industry?
caffeine
Which of the following is a storage product that can be catabolized for energy to produce simpler metabolites?
starch
Which of the following is an example of a compound produced through the isoprenoid pathway?
Rotenone
Which of the following is NOT a compound that can be used as a dye for food and cloth?
White
Which of the following is true about di-phosphatases?
They include DNAses
Which enzyme cleaves α 1→4 bonds of amylose and amylopectin to yield maltose and limit dextrin?
Amylase
Which group of enzymes is responsible for the non-hydrolytic removal of a group, often forming a double bond or addition of a group across?
Lyase
Which type of terpenoid requires 6 isoprene units for its synthesis?
Triterpenoid
Which of the following is true about iridoids?
They have a 5 membered lactone ring fused to a 6 membered lactone ring
What is the function of iridoids in plants?
All of the above
What is the difference between iridoids and secoiridoids?
Iridoids have a cyclopentane ring, while secoiridoids have a second 6 membered lactone ring
What is the function of pyrethrin in plants?
Chemical defense for insects
What is the difference between camphene and other monoterpenes?
Camphene is formed from IPP + DMAPP, while other monoterpenes are formed from Lavandula skeleton
What is the effect of synthetic analogues of pyrethrin?
They are environmentally safe
Which compound is responsible for the taste and smell of ginger?
Zingiberene
Which compound has antimicrobial and insecticidal properties, making it suitable for food preservation and ancient treatments?
Nootkatone
Which compound can act as an anticancer agent due to its cell toxicity?
Taxol
Which compound is derived from Mexican yam and is used in birth control pills?
Diosgenin
Which compound is found in cannabis (marijuana) and has neuro-effects, including cardiac toxicity and treatment?
THC
Which compound is a precursor in the biosynthesis of gibberellins?
Ent-kaurene
Which compound is a major constituent of croton oil and has important use in cancer research?
Beyerene
Which type of terpenoid is made up of 5 isoprene units and is found as linear, mono, bi-, tri-, tetra-, and macro-cyclic compounds?
Sesterterpenoids
Which compound is a precursor to Vitamin E and Vitamin K?
Phytol
Which type of triterpenoid is metabolically stable and usually tetra- or penta-cyclic?
True triterpenoids
Which group of terpenoids is the largest and most diverse?
Mixed/irregular
Which of the following is a property of sesquiterpenoids?
Not very volatile
What is the intermediate synthesis of terpenes and terpenoids?
Farnesyl-PP (FPP)
Which isomer of Farnesyl-PP (FPP) exists as an intermediate synthesis of terpenes and terpenoids?
2-cis,6-trans
What is the starting compound for the majority of sesqui-acyclics?
Farnesol
Which of the following is NOT a function of abscisic acid (ABA)?
Promotion of seed germination
Which of the following is a characteristic of juvenile hormone (JH)?
Maintains larval state
Which of the following is a correct statement about sesquiterpenes?
They have a hydride shift and cyclization
Which of the following is NOT a factor enabling the diversity of terpenoids?
Role in primary metabolism
Which of the following is NOT an economic impact of terpenoids?
Energy production
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reactions that result in the formation of diterpenoids?
Terpene synthase
What is the main difference between primary and secondary plant metabolism?
Primary metabolism involves the synthesis of essential compounds for growth and development, while secondary metabolism involves the production of compounds that are not essential for growth.
Which of the following is NOT a function of plant terpenes?
Acting as hormones recognized by specific receptors
What is the role of modification reactions in terpene biosynthesis?
To produce multiple different terpenes from one substrate.
What is the main role of plant terpenes in defense against herbivores?
Toxicity
Which compound is a precursor of cholesterol and can form many other compounds such as vitamin D3, steroid hormones, and insect hormones?
Squalene
Which compound is a sterol alkaloid and glycoside found in the green parts of a potato and can cause nausea or paralysis if ingested?
Solanine
Which compound is a cardiac glycoside found in several plant species and is formed from pregnenolone + acetyl CoA?
Cardenolides
Which compound is a C40 terpenoid that is not made in animals, has antioxidant properties, and is an important commercial coloring agent?
Carotenoid
Which group of enzymes is responsible for the diversification of terpene alcohols and oxidized terpenoids by adding acyl, glycosyl, benzoyl, or alkaloid groups?
TPSs & P450s
Test your knowledge of Monoterpenoids, their sources, and their various functions in organisms. This quiz covers topics such as DNA crosslinking, oral consumption, treatment for psoriasis, and more. See how much you know about these compounds made up of two isoprene units.
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