Patho 4- Liver

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Questions and Answers

Which lobe of the liver is the largest?

  • Caudate lobe
  • Right lobe (correct)
  • Middle lobe
  • Left lobe

What percentage of blood supply to the liver is from the portal vein?

  • 55-65%
  • 25-35%
  • 35-45%
  • 75-85% (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a metabolic function of the liver?

  • Carbohydrate metabolism
  • Protein metabolism
  • Vitamin metabolism (correct)
  • Lipid metabolism

Which process involves the breakdown of fatty acids to ketones?

<p>Ketogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT synthesized by the liver?

<p>Insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a storage function of the liver?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT excreted/secreted by the liver?

<p>Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the liver involves the purification, transformation, and clearance of substances?

<p>Protective function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of pregnancy does the fetal liver produce red blood cells?

<p>First trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of bile secreted by the liver?

<p>Urea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for gallstone disease?

<p>Having a FXR mutation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of primary liver tumor in childhood?

<p>Hepatoblastoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a histologic stage of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?

<p>Florid duct lesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of liver cysts?

<p>Parasite infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of NASH?

<p>Induction of cytochrome P4502E1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of ALD (Alcoholic Liver Disease) inflammation?

<p>Activation of innate immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

<p>Trabeculae, cords, and nests formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first hit in the MASH/NASH two-hit theory?

<p>Fat accumulation in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cholelithiasis (gallstones)?

<p>Obesity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of primary liver cell carcinoma?

<p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of Kupffer cells in the liver?

<p>Production of coagulation factors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an indicator of liver function and is released from damaged hepatocytes?

<p>Alanine aminotransferase (ALT or SGPT) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chronic liver injury?

<p>Obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the combination of steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning in the liver?

<p>Metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzyme tests?

<p>Fatty liver diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of liver steatosis in developed countries?

<p>30-40% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of MASLD (metabolic dysfunction associated liver disease) in North America?

<p>2-3% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of NASH with fibrosis in the United States?

<p>2.1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of individuals in the United States with or will have NASH with fibrosis?

<p>7,078,411 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of NASH patients added to the liver transplant waiting list in 2017?

<p>1,728 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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