SysPath - Digestive Path 4
43 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes why females are at a higher risk of developing alcoholic hepatitis compared to males?

  • Females have a higher rate of alcohol metabolism, resulting in toxic byproducts.
  • Females have a lower average body weight, leading to higher blood alcohol concentrations. (correct)
  • Females tend to consume alcoholic beverages more frequently than males.
  • The female liver is more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol.

A patient with a history of heavy alcohol use presents with jaundice, abdominal pain, and ascites. Which of the following pathological findings would most likely be observed in a liver biopsy?

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Fatty liver (steatosis) (correct)
  • Bile duct obstruction
  • Fibrosis and cirrhosis

A 45-year-old male with a 25-year history of consuming more than 100g of alcohol daily is diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis. Besides complete alcohol cessation, which of the following is the most crucial next step in his treatment?

  • Assessing the patient's suitability for a liver transplant.
  • Administering corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
  • Enrolling the patient in a formal alcohol recovery program. (correct)
  • Initiating antiviral therapy to prevent secondary infections.

Which of the following is the best definition of alcoholic hepatitis?

<p>Inflammation of the liver due to excessive alcohol consumption over an extended period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with mild alcoholic hepatitis. If the patient stops drinking alcohol, what is the likely outcome regarding the liver damage?

<p>The liver damage can be partially reversed, and further damage can be prevented. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines the appropriateness of massage for a patient with alcoholic hepatitis?

<p>The patient's overall symptoms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chronic hepatitis?

<p>Hepatitis A virus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with chronic hepatitis reports mild fatigue and discomfort in the right upper quadrant of their abdomen. They deny jaundice. Which of the following is the MOST likely stage of their condition?

<p>Early stage with minimal liver damage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications of chronic hepatitis is directly related to portal hypertension?

<p>Ascites and splenomegaly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hepatic encephalopathy, a complication of chronic hepatitis, is primarily caused by what?

<p>Increased serum toxins due to impaired liver function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client has been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C. What is the approximate percentage chance that this condition will lead to cirrhosis, assuming no intervention?

<p>15-25% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic hepatitis B and D co-infection is MOST at risk for developing which of the following?

<p>Rapidly worsening cirrhosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is considered essential for a definitive diagnosis of hepatitis, allowing for assessment of the severity and identification of the cause?

<p>Liver biopsy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with chronic hepatitis B is undergoing antiviral treatment. Which statement accurately reflects the likely outcome of this treatment?

<p>The treatment will likely need to be indefinite due to the tendency for recurrence after drug therapy ends in most cases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Which of the following pathological findings is LEAST likely to be observed in the early stages of the disease?

<p>Extensive fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST important preventative measure against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the general population?

<p>Administration of the hepatitis B vaccine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) is considering massage therapy. Which of the following considerations is MOST appropriate?

<p>The appropriateness of massage is determined by the patient's symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient has been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to cirrhosis. Besides surgical resection, which treatment option would offer the BEST chance of long-term survival, assuming there is no metastasis?

<p>Liver transplant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for the poor prognosis associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)?

<p>The vague nature of early symptoms leads to late-stage diagnosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies would be MOST effective in preventing the development of Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH)?

<p>Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with MASH, what is the MOST likely mechanism by which free radicals contribute to liver damage?

<p>Causing lipid peroxidation of accumulated intracellular fat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic hepatitis C develops cirrhosis. According to the information provided, what screening protocol should be implemented?

<p>Annual ultrasound and blood work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After a massage, a client with well-managed MASLD reports mild fatigue. What adjustment to future sessions is MOST appropriate?

<p>Reduce the intensity and duration of the massage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with cirrhosis secondary to chronic hepatitis C is diagnosed with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). What is the PRIMARY role of biopsy in this scenario?

<p>To confirm the diagnosis of HCC in unclear cases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following comorbidities is MOST closely associated with Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH)?

<p>Metabolic syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client with no known liver conditions presents with new onset abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, and palpable mass in the RUQ. Which condition is MOST likely?

<p>Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A client presents with fatigue and right-sided abdominal pain but is otherwise asymptomatic. Knowing that cardiovascular disease is a frequent cause of death in Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH), what intervention is MOST appropriate?

<p>Recommend they consult with their physician for further evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between simple hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) and Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH)?

<p>MASH involves inflammation and potential progression to cirrhosis, while NAFLD is typically benign. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST common type of gallstone?

<p>Cholesterol stones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with severe, colicky RUQ pain that intensifies over 30 minutes and lasts for several hours. Nausea is also present. History includes previous episodes. What condition is MOST likely?

<p>Cholelithiasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a history of symptomatic gallstones develops a sudden, severe, and steady pain in the RUQ, along with fever and a positive Murphy's sign. Which condition is MOST indicated?

<p>Acute cholecystitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate massage consideration for a client who reports having had cholelithiasis in the past but is currently asymptomatic?

<p>Massage is safe; no contraindications are present. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serum levels are MOST useful in supporting a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?

<p>Increased serum lipase and amylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign or symptom is MOST associated with pancreatic cancer that affects the head of the pancreas?

<p>Jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with chronic pancreatitis reports that massage increases their pain. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

<p>Avoid abdominal massage and treat other areas. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of acute pancreatitis?

<p>Gallstones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 50-year-old female presents with fatigue, itchy skin, and jaundice. Blood tests reveal elevated liver function tests and anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA). Which condition is MOST indicated?

<p>Primary biliary cholangitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a common medication used in the treatment of which condition?

<p>Primary biliary cholangitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

<p>Alcoholism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newborn screening reveals a genetic mutation affecting chloride transport, leading to thick mucus accumulation in the lungs and pancreas. Which condition is MOST indicated?

<p>Cystic fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is undergoing a Whipple procedure. What structures are removed during this procedure?

<p>Head of the pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder, and bile duct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with jaundice, pruritus and fatigue. Imaging reveals scarring and narrowing of bile ducts both inside and outside the liver. Which condition is MOST indicated?

<p>Primary sclerosing cholangitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs or symptoms is commonly associated with cystic fibrosis in infants and children?

<p>Productive cough and repeated lung infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Liver inflammation resulting from excessive alcohol intake over a long duration. Alcohol is toxic to liver cells (hepatocytes), leading to damage and inflammation.

Alcoholic Hepatitis Risk Factors

Consuming more than 100g of alcohol daily for over 20 years.

Histological Finding in Alcoholic Hepatitis

Fatty liver (steatosis), characterized by the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes due to cell necrosis. It can be reversed with alcohol cessation.

Symptoms of Alcoholic Hepatitis

Anorexia, jaundice, right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, ascites, and a tender, enlarged liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment

The only proven treatment is stopping alcohol consumption completely. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Hepatitis

Liver inflammation lasting longer than 6 months, often from hepatitis B or C, medications, or metabolic issues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Hepatitis Symptoms

Many have mild symptoms or RUQ discomfort, jaundice usually late.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Splenomegaly

Enlarged spleen due to increased venous pressure from portal hypertension.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ascites

Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity due to portal hypertension.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Deterioration of peripheral nervous system and brain function due to liver damage and toxins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spider Angioma

Spider-like blood vessels on the skin, a sign of chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatitis Diagnosis

Definitive diagnosis requires a liver biopsy combined with lab work to assess cause and severity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis

Confirms disease severity and cause in chronic hepatitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hep B Screening

Annual ultrasound and blood work for liver cancer screening.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antiviral Drugs

Medications given for chronic, progressive hepatitis B and C.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatitis C Treatment

SQ injections are more effective at stopping inflammation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MASLD Definition

Previously known as NAFLD; steatosis without significant alcohol use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MASH Definition

Previously known as NASH; progresses to cirrhosis in some cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MASH Pathophysiology

Fat accumulation and increased oxidative stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MASH associations

Associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

MASH Treatment

Losing weight, medication to reduce cholesterol, blood pressure, control diabetes, limiting OTC drugs, avoiding alcohol.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

Most common primary liver tumor, often caused by cirrhosis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HCC Signs (Early)

Abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, palpable mass in RUQ.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HCC Prevention

Hepatitis B vaccine, treatment of chronic hepatitis C, alcoholism treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HCC Treatment Options

Chemotherapy, radiation, tumor embolization, surgical resection, transplant.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HCC Prognosis

Vague symptoms lead to late diagnosis; 5-year survival ~18%.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver Metastasis

More common than primary; often from breast, colon, lung, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cirrhosis

Irreversible replacement of normal liver tissue with non-functional scar tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cholelithiasis

Solid material collections in the gallbladder.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cholelithiasis Pain

Gallstone-related pain as the stone passes, causing gallbladder swelling and RUQ pain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute Cholecystitis

Sudden, severe RUQ pain, commonly caused by gallstones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic Cholecystitis

Chronic inflammation of gallbladder with repeated biliary colic attacks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Autoimmune disease causing inflammation/destruction of bile ducts in the liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Inflammatory disease causing scarring/narrowing of bile ducts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreatitis Causes

Gallstones (acute) and alcoholism (chronic).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreatitis Symptoms

Severe epigastric/LUQ pain radiating to the back.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cystic Fibrosis

Multisystem genetic disorder causing thick mucus buildup.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cystic Fibrosis Etiology

Mutation of the CFTR gene on the 7th chromosome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis

High chloride levels in sweat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreatic Carcinoma

Malignant tumors of the pancreas, often near the head.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment Options
30 questions

Alcoholic Hepatitis Treatment Options

EnergyEfficientForethought avatar
EnergyEfficientForethought
Cirrhosis and Related Liver Diseases Quiz
30 questions
SysPath - Digestive Path 4
86 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser