Exploring Correlation
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines operational definition?

  • A precise specification of how variables are measured or manipulated (correct)
  • A form of the observational method that examines accumulated documents or archives
  • A method used to observe people and record their behavior
  • A technique to predict the relationship between two variables

What is the purpose of converting an abstract construct into measurable variables?

  • To create hypotheses and theories
  • To define variables in terms of procedures used to measure or manipulate them (correct)
  • To conduct naturalistic observations
  • To observe behavior in real-world settings

What inspired the development of hypotheses, research, and theories?

  • Personal interests and everyday observations
  • Limitations of previous research and theories
  • Current events and news reports
  • All of the above (correct)

What is the main purpose of naturalistic observation?

<p>To observe behavior in real-world settings without manipulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of archival analysis?

<p>To examine accumulated documents or archives of a culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the correlation coefficient assess?

<p>The relationship between two variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes positive correlation?

<p>As X increases, Y increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values for correlation coefficients?

<p>-1.00 to 1.00 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about a value of +1.00 or -1.00 in correlation?

<p>It indicates a perfect correlation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random selection in surveys?

<p>To ensure everyone in the population has an equal chance of being selected into the sample (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one limitation of the correlational method?

<p>Correlation does not establish causation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of experimentation in social psychological research?

<p>To allow for causal inferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of research design has presumed external validity and good ecological validity?

<p>Field experiments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Research Ethics Board (REB)?

<p>To evaluate whether proposed research projects comply with ethical guidelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological realism in research?

<p>The desire for the study to accurately reflect real-world psychological processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of debriefing in research?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must social psychologists be especially concerned with ethics?

<p>Because their research topics could cause harm to people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of hindsight bias?

<p>The tendency to overestimate one's ability to predict an outcome after it has already occurred (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a variable in the context of research methods in social psychology?

<p>A factor or attribute that can assume two or more values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines a theory in the context of social psychology research?

<p>An organized set of principles that explains observed phenomena (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in the context of research methods in social psychology?

<p>A testable statement or idea about the relationship between variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a variable in social psychology research?

<p>Self-esteem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of conducting systematic, empirical investigations in social psychology?

<p>To put ideas to the test and study social questions and problems scientifically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about the dependent variable in a cause-and-effect relationship?

<p>It is the outcome variable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about internal validity?

<p>It refers to the extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about random assignment?

<p>It ensures that all participants have an equal chance of taking part in any condition of an experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about p-values?

<p>They tell researchers how likely it is that the results of their experiment occurred by chance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about construct validity?

<p>It refers to the issue of whether the constructs being studied are truly manipulated and measured (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about external validity?

<p>It is the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the positive correlation?

<p>As X increases, Y increases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the correlational method?

<p>Causal inferences require temporal order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of surveys?

<p>They allow for random selection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of the experimental method?

<p>It cannot control for confounding variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of values for correlation coefficients?

<p>-1.00 to 1.00 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

<p>To ensure reliability and validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these best defines a variable in the context of social psychology research?

<p>A factor or attribute that can assume two or more values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a hypothesis in social psychology research?

<p>To test the relationship between variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of conducting systematic, empirical investigations in social psychology?

<p>To put ideas to the test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these best describes the concept of hindsight bias?

<p>Exaggerating how much one could have predicted an outcome after knowing it occurred (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in social psychology research?

<p>To confirm the findings of previous studies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about construct validity in social psychology research?

<p>It refers to the extent to which a study measures what it claims to measure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about quasi-experimental designs?

<p>They have low external validity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of replication in research?

<p>To verify conclusions using an independent research study (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Research Ethics Board (REB)?

<p>To evaluate proposed research projects with human participants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of debriefing in research?

<p>To maximize likelihood of positive participant experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Basic Dilemma of the Social Psychologist?

<p>The trade-off between internal and external validity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meta-analysis in research?

<p>To average the results of two or more studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about naturalistic observation?

<p>It is useful for observing the behavior of a group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about archival analysis?

<p>It examines accumulated documents or archives of a culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about the correlational method?

<p>It assesses the relationship between two or more variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about the correlation coefficient?

<p>It measures the strength of a relationship between variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about operational definitions?

<p>They specify how variables are measured or manipulated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is true about ethnography?

<p>It attempts to understand a group or culture by observing it from the inside. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of random assignment in an experiment?

<p>To ensure that participants have an equal chance of being assigned to each condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the p-value tell researchers in an experiment?

<p>How likely it is that the results occurred by chance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is construct validity in research?

<p>The extent to which the constructs being studied are accurately measured and manipulated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is external validity in research?

<p>The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and people (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological realism in research?

<p>The extent to which the psychological processes triggered in an experiment are similar to everyday life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of field experiments in research?

<p>To conduct experiments in natural settings rather than in the laboratory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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