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Questions and Answers
Which type of play involves simple, repetitive movements with objects or one's own body?
Which type of play involves simple, repetitive movements with objects or one's own body?
Which parenting style is associated with positive outcomes such as higher self-esteem, social competence, and academic achievement?
Which parenting style is associated with positive outcomes such as higher self-esteem, social competence, and academic achievement?
Which pattern of attachment behavior involves seeking contact/comfort from the mother after being left alone with a stranger?
Which pattern of attachment behavior involves seeking contact/comfort from the mother after being left alone with a stranger?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Anxious Avoidant/Insecure attachment style?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Anxious Avoidant/Insecure attachment style?
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What is the process of acquiring gender-consistent behaviors called?
What is the process of acquiring gender-consistent behaviors called?
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Which personality dimension is associated with sympathy, trust, cooperativeness, and altruism?
Which personality dimension is associated with sympathy, trust, cooperativeness, and altruism?
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What is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others called?
What is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others called?
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Which age range is associated with formal operational thought?
Which age range is associated with formal operational thought?
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What is the main characteristic of post-formal thinking?
What is the main characteristic of post-formal thinking?
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According to the information-processing theory, how is knowledge accumulated?
According to the information-processing theory, how is knowledge accumulated?
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What is the main focus of Freud and Erikson's theories of development?
What is the main focus of Freud and Erikson's theories of development?
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What is the key outcome of resolving the crisis in Stage 1 of Erikson's theory?
What is the key outcome of resolving the crisis in Stage 1 of Erikson's theory?
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What is the main conflict in Stage 3 of Erikson's theory?
What is the main conflict in Stage 3 of Erikson's theory?
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Which stage of Marcia's identity status model is characterized by the conflict between establishing identity and role confusion?
Which stage of Marcia's identity status model is characterized by the conflict between establishing identity and role confusion?
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According to Operant Conditioning, what happens when a behavior is reinforced?
According to Operant Conditioning, what happens when a behavior is reinforced?
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Which stage of Piaget's Cognitive Stages is characterized by the development of object permanence?
Which stage of Piaget's Cognitive Stages is characterized by the development of object permanence?
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According to Classical Conditioning, what is used to elicit a behavior?
According to Classical Conditioning, what is used to elicit a behavior?
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Study Notes
Types of Play
- Functional Play: Involves simple, repetitive movements using objects or one's body, focusing on the outcome of actions.
Parenting Styles
- Authoritative Parenting: Linked with positive outcomes like higher self-esteem, social competence, and academic achievement.
Attachment Behavior
- Seeking Contact/Comfort: Behavior where a child seeks comfort from the mother after encountering a stranger, indicating a secure attachment.
Anxious Avoidant/Insecure Attachment
- Characteristic Behavior: Exhibits avoidance or minimal contact with the caregiver, resulting in emotional distance.
Gender-Consistent Behaviors
- Gender Role Acquisition: The process through which individuals learn and adopt behaviors aligned with their gender.
Personality Dimensions
- Agreeableness: A personality trait characterized by sympathy, trust, cooperativeness, and altruism toward others.
Mental State Attribution
- Theory of Mind: Refers to the ability to understand and attribute mental states like thoughts and feelings to oneself and others.
Age Range for Formal Operational Thought
- Adolescents and Adults: Typically emerges in individuals aged 12 and older, reflecting advanced cognitive abilities.
Post-Formal Thinking
- Characteristic Feature: Recognizes that knowledge can be context-dependent and that problem-solving may involve balancing multiple perspectives.
Knowledge Accumulation
- Information-Processing Theory: Knowledge is built up through the continuous processing and organization of information over time.
Theories of Development
- Freud and Erikson: Both focus on stages of development marked by conflicts and crises impacting personality and social relationships.
Stage 1 Outcome of Erikson’s Theory
- Trust vs. Mistrust: Successful resolution leads to a sense of security and trust in the world.
Stage 3 Conflict of Erikson’s Theory
- Initiative vs. Guilt: Children grapple with taking initiative in their actions while managing feelings of guilt over potential misbehavior.
Marcia's Identity Status Model
- Identity vs. Role Confusion: Characterizes the stage where adolescents face the conflict between developing a stable identity and experiencing confusion about their social roles.
Operant Conditioning
- Behavior Reinforcement: Reinforced behaviors are likely to be repeated, strengthening the connection between the behavior and its outcome.
Piaget's Cognitive Development
- Sensorimotor Stage: Characterized by the development of object permanence, where infants understand that objects continue to exist even when not visible.
Classical Conditioning
- Conditioned Stimulus: Used to elicit a specific response or behavior through association with an unconditioned stimulus.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cognitive development with this quiz on Grusec and Lytton's 1988 typology. Explore functional play, constructive play, and pretend play, and learn how they contribute to a child's cognitive perspective. Challenge yourself with questions on different types of play and their characteristics.
