Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the reward system?
Which neurotransmitter is associated with the reward system?
Which theory suggests that anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure) is related to dysfunction in the reward system?
Which theory suggests that anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure) is related to dysfunction in the reward system?
What type of studies have been used to investigate the role of dopamine in reward processing?
What type of studies have been used to investigate the role of dopamine in reward processing?
Which field of neuroscience focuses on the neural underpinnings of emotion and motivation?
Which field of neuroscience focuses on the neural underpinnings of emotion and motivation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name for the study of the emotional systems of the mammalian brain?
What is the name for the study of the emotional systems of the mammalian brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the fundamental affective-behavioral repertoires that involve the direction and energization of behavior toward reward called?
What are the fundamental affective-behavioral repertoires that involve the direction and energization of behavior toward reward called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the desire or wanting that accompanies the approach toward a reward stimulus?
What is the term used to describe the desire or wanting that accompanies the approach toward a reward stimulus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a symptom of depression and brain injury?
Which of the following is a symptom of depression and brain injury?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Bromocriptine study mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of the Bromocriptine study mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task used for in neuroimaging studies?
What is the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task used for in neuroimaging studies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that dopamine's role in reward is to generate pleasure and hedonia?
Which theory suggests that dopamine's role in reward is to generate pleasure and hedonia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most accepted definition of a reward?
What is the most accepted definition of a reward?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is involved in triggering reward-directed responses in animals and humans?
Which neurotransmitter is involved in triggering reward-directed responses in animals and humans?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ascending dopamine pathway goes from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NA)?
Which ascending dopamine pathway goes from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NA)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is commonly referred to as the 'pleasure chemical'?
Which neurotransmitter is commonly referred to as the 'pleasure chemical'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of dopamine?
What is the main function of dopamine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that depression is caused by a reduction of dopamine?
Which theory suggests that depression is caused by a reduction of dopamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Martinez (2004) find regarding the subjective rating of euphoria of cocaine?
What did the study by Martinez (2004) find regarding the subjective rating of euphoria of cocaine?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is the main difficulty with reward-wanting studies?
According to the text, what is the main difficulty with reward-wanting studies?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what predicts the magnitude of phasic dopamine release?
According to the text, what predicts the magnitude of phasic dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
According to the text, what is the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is suggested by the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
According to the text, what is suggested by the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is the role of dopamine (DA) in reward wanting?
According to the text, what is the role of dopamine (DA) in reward wanting?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study with rats and cheese demonstrate about effort and reward?
What did the study with rats and cheese demonstrate about effort and reward?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Effort Indifference Point (EIP) in the context of the study?
What is the Effort Indifference Point (EIP) in the context of the study?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study with Parkinson Disease (PD) patients on medication show about the role of dopamine?
What did the study with Parkinson Disease (PD) patients on medication show about the role of dopamine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that the functions of emotions are primarily adaptive in nature?
Which theory suggests that the functions of emotions are primarily adaptive in nature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term is used to describe the fundamental affective-behavioral repertoires that involve the direction and energization of behavior toward reward?
Which term is used to describe the fundamental affective-behavioral repertoires that involve the direction and energization of behavior toward reward?
Signup and view all the answers
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the reward system in the brain?
Which neurotransmitter is commonly associated with the reward system in the brain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main focus of affective neuroscience?
What is the main focus of affective neuroscience?
Signup and view all the answers
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of dopamine?
What is the main function of dopamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Effort Indifference Point (EIP) in the context of the study?
What is the Effort Indifference Point (EIP) in the context of the study?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
According to the text, what is the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Which brain area is considered one of the core structures involved in the reward system?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Powell et al. (1996) find regarding the treatment of brain injury-related motivational anhedonia?
What did the study by Powell et al. (1996) find regarding the treatment of brain injury-related motivational anhedonia?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the self-stimulation studies with rats and an electrified grid demonstrate about effort and reward?
What did the self-stimulation studies with rats and an electrified grid demonstrate about effort and reward?
Signup and view all the answers
Which theory suggests that anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure) is related to dysfunction in the reward system?
Which theory suggests that anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure) is related to dysfunction in the reward system?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, which theory suggests that dopamine's role in reward is to learn predictions and form associations about rewards and habits?
According to the text, which theory suggests that dopamine's role in reward is to learn predictions and form associations about rewards and habits?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the desire or wanting that accompanies the approach toward a reward stimulus?
What is the term used to describe the desire or wanting that accompanies the approach toward a reward stimulus?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what did the study by Wise and colleagues (1978) using pimozide (a D2 dopamine receptor blocker) in rats demonstrate?
According to the text, what did the study by Wise and colleagues (1978) using pimozide (a D2 dopamine receptor blocker) in rats demonstrate?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what did the Bromocriptine study investigate?
According to the text, what did the Bromocriptine study investigate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a finding that challenges the Reward Liking Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a finding that challenges the Reward Liking Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from the Wise study and subsequent studies?
Which of the following is a conclusion drawn from the Wise study and subsequent studies?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Pecina, Smith, and Berridge (2006) find regarding hedonic reactions to taste in animals and babies?
What did the study by Pecina, Smith, and Berridge (2006) find regarding hedonic reactions to taste in animals and babies?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Ikemoto and Panksepp (1996) find regarding the impact of DA antagonist on approach behavior and reward consumption?
What did the study by Ikemoto and Panksepp (1996) find regarding the impact of DA antagonist on approach behavior and reward consumption?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the text, what is the role of dopamine in reward wanting?
According to the text, what is the role of dopamine in reward wanting?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study with Parkinson Disease (PD) patients on medication show about the role of dopamine?
What did the study with Parkinson Disease (PD) patients on medication show about the role of dopamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Berridge & Robinson (1998) find regarding the effects of neurotoxin on rats?
What did the study by Berridge & Robinson (1998) find regarding the effects of neurotoxin on rats?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the study by Chong et al. (2015) demonstrate about the role of dopamine in reward wanting in humans?
What did the study by Chong et al. (2015) demonstrate about the role of dopamine in reward wanting in humans?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a challenge in reward-wanting studies?
Which of the following is a challenge in reward-wanting studies?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the size of the reward predict in terms of dopamine release?
What does the size of the reward predict in terms of dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main finding regarding the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
What is the main finding regarding the relationship between effort cost and dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
What is the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the interpretation of the decline in response to dopamine antagonist in the Wise et al. (2004) study?
What is the interpretation of the decline in response to dopamine antagonist in the Wise et al. (2004) study?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of dopamine in reward wanting?
What is the main role of dopamine in reward wanting?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a challenge in reward-wanting studies?
Which of the following is a challenge in reward-wanting studies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main predictor of phasic dopamine release?
What is the main predictor of phasic dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the relationship between effort cost and the magnitude of phasic dopamine release?
What is the relationship between effort cost and the magnitude of phasic dopamine release?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
What is the gradual impact of dopamine agonists on reward-directed behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of learning in reward-directed behaviors?
What is the role of learning in reward-directed behaviors?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the response of rats in the home cage sample suggest?
What does the response of rats in the home cage sample suggest?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Reward System and Dopamine
- Dopamine is the neurotransmitter associated with the reward system.
- The theory of anhedonia suggests that dysfunction in the reward system is related to the inability to experience pleasure.
Studies on Dopamine and Reward
- Investigations on dopamine's role in reward processing have been done using neuroimaging studies.
- The Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task is used in neuroimaging studies to investigate reward processing.
- Bromocriptine study investigated the role of dopamine in reward wanting.
Brain Regions and Neurotransmitters
- The nucleus accumbens (NA) is one of the core structures involved in the reward system.
- Dopamine is the neurotransmitter involved in triggering reward-directed responses in animals and humans.
- The ventral tegmental area (VTA) to nucleus accumbens (NA) pathway is an ascending dopamine pathway.
Theories and Definitions
- The Reward Liking Theory suggests that dopamine's role in reward is to generate pleasure and hedonia.
- The main definition of a reward is a stimulus that an organism will work to obtain or maintain.
- The term "wanting" is used to describe the desire or motivation that accompanies the approach towards a reward stimulus.
- The term "hedonia" refers to the experience of pleasure.
Studies and Findings
- The study by Martinez (2004) found that cocaine users' subjective ratings of euphoria were correlated with dopamine release.
- The study by Powell et al. (1996) found that Bromocriptine improved motivational anhedonia in brain injury patients.
- The study by Pecina, Smith, and Berridge (2006) found that hedonic reactions to taste were correlated with dopamine release in animals and babies.
- The study by Ikemoto and Panksepp (1996) found that dopamine antagonist decreased approach behavior and reward consumption.
Affective Neuroscience
- Affective neuroscience focuses on the neural underpinnings of emotion and motivation.
- The field of affective neuroscience studies the emotional systems of the mammalian brain.
Challenges and Predictors
- One challenge in reward-wanting studies is isolating the role of dopamine in reward processing.
- The size of the reward predicts the magnitude of phasic dopamine release.
- Effort cost predicts the magnitude of phasic dopamine release.
- Dopamine release is gradual and builds up over time in response to reward-directed behavior.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on approach motivation and reward associations with this quiz. Learn about the different interpretations by Berridge, Robinson, Panksepp, and others. Explore concepts like drive, desire, anticipation, and behavioral activation.