Explorers and Key Terms in History
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Questions and Answers

Which term best describes the practice of a country increasing its territory?

  • Expansionism (correct)
  • Imperialism
  • Exploration
  • Circumnavigation

    • What was the primary purpose of the caravel during the Age of Exploration?

  • To serve as a vessel for trade along established routes
  • To engage in naval warfare against other nations
  • To facilitate exploration due to its speed and maneuverability (correct)
  • To carry large numbers of people across the Atlantic

    • Which explorer is known for leading the first expedition that completed a voyage around the entire globe?

  • Ferdinand Magellan (correct)
  • Vasco da Gama
  • John Cabot
  • Christopher Columbus

    • What does the term 'primary source' refer to in historical studies?

    <p>Original materials from the time under study (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a contribution of Bartholomew Dias to the Age of Exploration?

    <p>Rounding the southern tip of Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'decolonization'?

    <p>The process where colonies gain independence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which explorer claimed Canada for France?

    <p>Jacques Cartier (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'quipu'?

    <p>A system of knotted strings used for record-keeping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which navigational tool was primarily used to measure the angle of celestial bodies?

    <p>Cross-Staff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a primary motivation for European exploration, represented by the '4 C's'?

    <p>Conquest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event disrupted overland trade routes, leading Europeans to seek sea routes to Asia?

    <p>The fall of the Mongol Empire and Constantinople (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main purpose of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

    <p>To divide newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a primary factor that lead to a significant population decrease in the New World after European contact?

    <p>Diseases brought by Europeans and harsh treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best represents a positive long-term outcome of European expansion?

    <p>Expanded trade, exchange of ideas, and cultural diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Humanism influence European exploration?

    <p>By encouraging curiosity, individual achievement, and learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the Indigenous perspective, what was a common view of European explorers?

    <p>Invaders who brought disease, violence, and slavery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Exploration

    Traveling to new areas to discover and learn about them.

    Navigational

    Related to planning and following a route or course.

    Circumnavigate

    To travel completely around something, especially the Earth.

    Expansionism

    The practice of expanding a country's territory.

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    Imperialism

    Extending a nation's power through diplomacy or military force.

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    Immunity

    Resistance to disease or harmful substances.

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    Decolonization

    The process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers.

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    Quipu

    A system of knotted strings used by the Incas to record information.

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    Astrolabe

    A navigational tool used to determine latitude based on the position of stars.

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    Compass

    A navigational instrument used to find direction.

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    Cross-Staff

    A tool used to measure the angle of celestial bodies to aid in navigation.

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    Why did Europeans explore?

    The desire to spread Christianity, gain wealth through trade, explore new lands, and compete with other European powers.

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    Why were new sea routes to Asia desired?

    The disruption of overland trade routes due to the fall of the Mongol Empire and Constantinople, leading European explorers to seek new sea routes.

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    Treaty of Tordesillas

    The Treaty between Spain and Portugal in 1494 that divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between them.

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    Consequences of European Expansion

    The exchange of resources, ideas, and cultures, often accompanied by exploitation, slavery, and environmental damage.

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    Population decrease in the New World

    The significant decline in the population of indigenous people in the Americas due to diseases introduced by Europeans and their harsh treatment.

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    Study Notes

    Key Terms

    • Exploration: Traveling to newly discovered areas to learn about them.
    • Navigational: Related to planning and following a route.
    • Circumnavigate: To travel completely around something (like Earth).
    • Expansionism: Expanding a country's territory.
    • Imperialism: Extending a nation's power through force or diplomacy.
    • Immunity: Resistance to disease.
    • Decolonization: Colonies gaining independence.
    • Quipu: Inca system of knotted strings for recording information.
    • Point of View: The perspective from which something is seen.
    • Primary Source: Original materials from the studied time period.

    Important Explorers

    • Christopher Columbus: Discovered the Americas (believed he reached Asia).
    • Ferdinand Magellan: Led the first expedition to circumnavigate the globe.
    • John Cabot: Discovered parts of North America (Newfoundland).
    • Jacques Cartier: Explored the St. Lawrence River, claiming Canada for France.
    • Bartholomew Dias: First to round the tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope).
    • Vasco da Gama: First to sail directly from Europe to India.
    • Samuel de Champlain: Founded Quebec, key figure in French exploration of North America.
    • Las Casas: Spanish missionary advocating for Indigenous rights.
    • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella: Sponsored Columbus's voyage.
    • Queen Elizabeth I: Supported English exploration.

    Inventions

    • Caravel: Small, fast, maneuverable ship used by Spanish and Portuguese explorers.
    • Astrolabe: Tool to determine latitude using stars.
    • Compass: Navigational instrument to determine direction.
    • Cross-Staff: Tool to measure angles of celestial bodies for navigation.

    Motivations for Exploration

    • The 4 C's: Christianity (spreading religion), Commerce (expanding trade), Curiosity (discovering new lands), and Competition (rivalries between European powers).
    • Sea Route to Asia: Gaining access to valuable goods (spices, silk).
    • Trade Expansion: Overland trade routes disrupted; sea routes sought.
    • Religious Expansion: Spreading Christianity.

    Connections and Events

    • Humanism and Exploration: Humanism encouraged curiosity and individual achievement, motivating exploration.
    • Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.
    • Perspectives on Columbus Day: Mixed; some celebrate discovery while others criticize harm to Indigenous peoples.
    • Indigenous Perspective: Often viewed explorers as invaders causing disease, violence, and slavery.

    Impact of Exploration

    • Before Exploration Maps: Limited European knowledge, inaccurate maps with significant unknown areas.
    • South American Exports: Gold, silver, tobacco, sugar, and later crops like potatoes & corn.
    • New World Population Decrease: Caused by European diseases (like smallpox) and harsh treatment.
    • Positive and Negative Results: Increased trade/cultural exchange, but also Indigenous exploitation, slavery, and environmental damage.

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential key terms and notable explorers who shaped world history. Test your knowledge on concepts like exploration, imperialism, and the contributions of figures such as Columbus and Magellan. Perfect for students studying historical expansion and decolonization.

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