Historical Exploration of 1521

March 16, 1521, to May 1, 1521, captures significant encounters of the Spaniards in the region.
April 26-27, 1521, marks the Battle of Mactan, a pivotal conflict.

Zamal (Samar): Uninhabited, ideal for rest and water.
Zuluan: Known for familiar inhabitants and friendly encounters.
Humunu (Archipelago of St. Lazarus): First signs of gold and large quantities of white corals observed.
Butuan and Calagan: Gold pieces found, sizes comparable to walnuts and eggs.
Mazaua: Community noted for heavy drinking among natives.
Ceylon, Bohol, Canighan, Baibai: Bats comparable in size to eagles, with meat tasting like chicken.
Polo, Ticobon, Poson: Areas known for rapid sailing.
Zubu: Notable for houses constructed on logs.
Pinalongon: Inhabitants described as having black skin, resembling Ethiopians.
Mindanao: A large island where many fishermen presented fish to the king.
Chipit and Luzon: Excellent ports frequented by several junks annually.
Palaoan: Described as “the land of promise.”

Spaniards:
- Captain: Ferdinand Magellan
- Antonio Pigafetta: Notable chronicler of the journey
- Duarte Barbosa: Portuguese companion
- Johan Seranno: Spaniard who stayed behind
- San Martin de Sivilla: Astrologer
Natives:
- Rajah Culambu and Rajah Humabon: Key local leaders.
- Various tribes and groups included Cilaton, Ciguibucan, and more.

Physical Appearance and Adornment:
- Natives described as dark-skinned, short, and tattooed with various designs.
- Adornments included gold earrings, gems, armlets; clothes varied between commoners and chiefs.
- Use of coconut and bene-seed oils for skincare.
- Males often wore long hair; weapons included daggers, spears, and large shields.
Social Practices:
- Natives showcased joy and hospitality; interactions included token gestures of friendship, including blood rituals.
- Emissaries were empowered to negotiate peace; respect shown to elders.
- Spanish interactions marked by courtesy, intelligence in negotiations, and discussions of faith.

Natives exhibited pleasant and agreeable nature, conversing easily and demonstrating hospitality.
Spaniards displayed courteous behaviors while also emphasizing their superior merchandise and preaching religious beliefs.
Spanish emphasis on moral teachings, including the importance of honoring parents and the notion of eternal consequence.

Housing structures varied, with log houses noted in Zubu.
Cultural practices included drinking and social gatherings, often marked with rituals and ceremonies.
Eating and drinking practices highlighted a communal aspect of life, with symbolic gestures of sharing and friendship.
Warfare and weaponry involved traditional arms, boat types like balanghai, and fishing nets utilized for sustenance.