Experimental Pharmacology Lab Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the correct molar solution preparation of NaCl in 1 liter of water?

250 grams

100 grams

204.75 grams

58.5 grams (correct)

If a rat weighs 200 grams and the drug dose is 20mg/kg, what is the volume of injection needed?

0.05 ml

0.2 ml (correct)

0.4 ml

0.1 ml

Given a dosage of 10mg/kg, what is the concentration in mg/ml for a body weight of 100 grams?

1 mg/ml (correct)

0.1 mg/ml

100 mg/ml

10 mg/ml

What concentration in % corresponds to a dose of 20mg/kg for an unknown body weight?

2% Signup and view all the answers

For an animal weighing 300 grams and a dosage of 150mg/kg, what is the required volume of injection?

0.5 ml Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of the laboratory described in the content?

To identify specific pharmacological activities of test drugs. Signup and view all the answers

What does the comparative method in bioassays help to determine?

How many times the test drug is more or less potent than a standard drug. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological object type mentioned for testing substances?

Cultured human cells. Signup and view all the answers

What complication arises when testing drugs on whole animals?

Multiple simultaneous drug effects may be observed. Signup and view all the answers

How is the potency of a drug typically expressed in laboratory settings?

Relative to the standard agent's potency. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animal types is considered an intermediate biological object?

Guinea pigs. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main differences between experiments performed on whole animals versus isolated preparations?

Isolated preparations are less complex due to fewer variables. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is complicated when observing the effects of a drug on a whole animal?

Pharmacokinetics involving drug metabolism and excretion. Signup and view all the answers

What is a graded response in pharmacology?

An effect that increases with the increase of the drug dosage. Signup and view all the answers

How is potency defined in the context of pharmacology?

The ability to produce a significant response at a low dose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic index (TI) and how is it calculated?

The ratio of LD50% to ED50%. Signup and view all the answers

In a quantal response, what does it mean if a specific dosage produces a 100% response in a group of subjects?

That every subject has shown a measurable effect. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of response is characterized by measurable outcomes in living tissues such as blood pressure changes?

Graded response Signup and view all the answers

If drug A shows higher efficacy than drug B, what can be inferred?

Drug A elicits a maximum effect that drug B cannot achieve. Signup and view all the answers

What does a dose-response curve illustrate?

The correlation between dose amount and biological response. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the terms NOAEL and LD50% in pharmacology?

The maximum dosage without observable effects and the lethal dose for 50% of subjects. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology Lab

The lab aims to identify drug action and mechanisms (qualitative activity screening) and calculate drug concentration and potency (quantitative activity bioassay)
Qualitative activity involves identifying the pharmacological activity of a drug
Quantitative activity involves estimating the active principle in a drug preparation using suitable biological preparations
A bioassay is a comparative method for determining drug potency
Bioassay provides relative potency, indicating how many times a test drug is stronger or weaker than a standard drug.
Bioassays determine concentration and potency of drugs

Types of Biological Objects

Substances are tested on biological objects such as whole animals (mice, rats, frogs, guinea pigs), isolated organs (rabbit heart, frog heart), or isolated tissues (smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle).
Whole animal experiments are complex due to multiple drug targets and drug administration methods affecting the observed results.
Isolated preparations provide more control but may not perfectly mimic clinical drug responses.

Biological Response

A measurable response in living tissue or organs (e.g., blood pressure changes, contraction, or relaxation) is considered a biological response
A graded response increases with increasing drug dose until a maximum response is reached.
A quantal response is an "all or none" response where a specific dose causes a response or no response (e.g., analgesia or death)

Dose-Response Relationship

The relationship between drug dose and the response is crucial. As the drug dose increases, the biological effect also generally increases.
Potency is a drug's ability to produce a high response at a low dose.
Efficacy is a drug's maximum response irrespective of dose.

Drug Preparation and Dosage Calculations

Drug administration methods vary, often including solutions (or rarely suspensions)
Examples of drug delivery forms include: using saline (mg/kg) for whole animals, and physiological solutions (µg/ml, ng/ml, pg/ml) for preparations.
Molar solutions are calculated comparing molecular weight to liters of water.
A typical example of this involves establishing an appropriate solution of purified sodium chloride (NaCl).
Calculations involve converting between different units (e.g., milligrams, kilograms, microliters).

Applications and Examples

The ED50 (effective dose in 50% of subjects) and LD50 (lethal dose in 50% of subjects) are calculated and used to determine the therapeutic index.
The therapeutic index is calculated as (LD50/ED50), and reflects a drug's safety margin.
Specific examples of drug administration methods were also detailed, such as for a laboratory rat.

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Description

Test your knowledge on experimental pharmacology techniques and methodologies. This quiz covers the identification of drug action, qualitative and quantitative bioassays, and the use of various biological objects in pharmacological studies. Sharpen your skills in understanding drug potency and concentration assessment.