Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of Experiment No. 18A?
What is the primary aim of Experiment No. 18A?
- To demonstrate the effect of pentobarbital on righting reflex in mice. (correct)
- To measure the cognitive effects of pentobarbital.
- To investigate the visual functions in mice.
- To analyze the behavioral changes in animals under stress.
What does the term 'loss of righting reflex' indicate in animal experiments?
What does the term 'loss of righting reflex' indicate in animal experiments?
- Inability to respond to auditory stimuli.
- Inability to recall learned behaviors.
- Inability to maintain normal body posture when on its back. (correct)
- Inability to perform basic cognitive tasks.
Which statement about the righting reflex is true?
Which statement about the righting reflex is true?
- It is influenced by vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive functions. (correct)
- It is only present in mammals.
- It is a reflex related to respiratory functions.
- It primarily depends on visual information.
Which of the following describes the term 'hypnotic agents' in animal experiments?
Which of the following describes the term 'hypnotic agents' in animal experiments?
What experimental conditions are specified as precautions before conducting the experiment?
What experimental conditions are specified as precautions before conducting the experiment?
Which animal is considered unsuitable for experiments on righting reflex?
Which animal is considered unsuitable for experiments on righting reflex?
What is the primary aim of the experiment mentioned in the content?
What is the primary aim of the experiment mentioned in the content?
What role does the rotarod apparatus serve in the experiment?
What role does the rotarod apparatus serve in the experiment?
Which of the following drugs is mentioned as a long-acting hypnotic?
Which of the following drugs is mentioned as a long-acting hypnotic?
How does the addition of short or long-acting hypnotics to anesthetics affect the righting reflex duration?
How does the addition of short or long-acting hypnotics to anesthetics affect the righting reflex duration?
Study Notes
Part 3: Experimental (In Vivo Studies)
- This section details experimental procedures for studying the effects of various substances on the central nervous system (CNS) in living animals.
Animal Experiment on Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Aim: To demonstrate the effect of pentobarbital on righting reflex in mice.
- Background: Hypnosis, induced by drugs, is a stage of central depression leading to unconsciousness and loss of righting reflexes (loss of postural reaction). Righting reflex is crucial for animals to correct their body posture when placed on their back.
- Materials and Methods: Includes animal species (mice), sex, weight ranges, syringes, drugs (pentobarbital, barbital, hexabarbital), and diazepam.
- Precautions: Dim lighting, noise-free laboratory; careful handling of animals; minimize stress; observe animals in a glass chamber.
Practical Manual of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology
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Experimental Procedure: Animals divided into control and treatment groups (n=6 each); control group receives saline, treatment group receives drug (pentobarbital 50mg/kg; i.p)
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Observation: Observing animals for 45 minutes to 1 hour to measure onset and duration of loss of righting reflex. Other behaviors (sniffing, rearing, etc.) monitored during observation period
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Discussion: Righting reflex evaluation is an effective way to assess central nervous system depressants. Mice and rats are ideal experimental models for righting reflex studies, while cats aren't suitable due to their flexible spines.
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Rota Rod Apparatus: Used to assess motor coordination in mice. Animals are placed on a rotating rod and the time they maintain balance is recorded.
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Elevated Plus Maze: Used to evaluate anxiety levels in rats. Rats are placed on a plus-shaped apparatus with both open and enclosed arms; their preference for open or closed arms is observed.
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Morris Water Maze: Used to evaluate learning and memory in rats, placing them in a water pool, with a hidden platform; study time to reach platform; the time and area to find platform is recorded.
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Kindling Model: Repeated administration of submaximal stimuli to induce seizures. This model assesses behavioral changes related to epileptic seizures.
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Maximal Electroshock (MES): Uses electrical stimulation to elicit seizures. This model assesses the anticonvulsant effects of drugs.
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Straub Tail Reaction: Morphine induces curvature of the tail (Straub tail) which can be related to analgesic properties of drugs.
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Hot Plate/Tail Flick: Tests for analgesia by exposing animals' paws/tails to heat; time it takes to withdraw the paw or tail shows analgesic effects.
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