Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization?
What is the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization?
How many doses are required for DPT immunization?
How many doses are required for DPT immunization?
What is the recommended management for local soreness after vaccination?
What is the recommended management for local soreness after vaccination?
Which law mandates compulsory immunization for children below 8 years old?
Which law mandates compulsory immunization for children below 8 years old?
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What is the recommended action after administering OPV?
What is the recommended action after administering OPV?
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What does the acronym FIC stand for in the context of immunization?
What does the acronym FIC stand for in the context of immunization?
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What is the correct interval between doses for the DPT vaccine?
What is the correct interval between doses for the DPT vaccine?
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What does the Cold Chain & Logistic Management element ensure in the Expanded Program on Immunization?
What does the Cold Chain & Logistic Management element ensure in the Expanded Program on Immunization?
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What is the primary function of primary health care personnel?
What is the primary function of primary health care personnel?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the identified health priorities in the Philippine Medium-Term Development Plan?
Which of the following is NOT one of the identified health priorities in the Philippine Medium-Term Development Plan?
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Which principle of the Health Sector Reform Agenda emphasizes fostering a strong nation?
Which principle of the Health Sector Reform Agenda emphasizes fostering a strong nation?
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What is one of the goals of health sector reform regarding local health systems?
What is one of the goals of health sector reform regarding local health systems?
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Which option is aimed at improving health care management systems?
Which option is aimed at improving health care management systems?
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In the context of the medium-term Philippine development plan, what aspect relates to health insurance for the poor?
In the context of the medium-term Philippine development plan, what aspect relates to health insurance for the poor?
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What strategy is associated with improving health systems performance?
What strategy is associated with improving health systems performance?
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What is a major goal of the Health Sector Reform Agenda?
What is a major goal of the Health Sector Reform Agenda?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the leading causes of morbidity among older persons?
Which of the following is NOT one of the leading causes of morbidity among older persons?
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What is considered the 'basic unit of care' in Community Health Nursing?
What is considered the 'basic unit of care' in Community Health Nursing?
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According to WHO, how is health defined?
According to WHO, how is health defined?
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Which health task involves providing nursing care to sick or disabled family members?
Which health task involves providing nursing care to sick or disabled family members?
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What does Pender's definition of health emphasize?
What does Pender's definition of health emphasize?
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What demographic is indicated as not typically a client of Community Health Nursing?
What demographic is indicated as not typically a client of Community Health Nursing?
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Which task involves maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community?
Which task involves maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community?
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Which of the following is NOT a function that the family performs within the context of Community Health Nursing?
Which of the following is NOT a function that the family performs within the context of Community Health Nursing?
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What are the personal factors that influence an individual's health behavior?
What are the personal factors that influence an individual's health behavior?
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Which factor refers to the confidence in one's ability to take action regarding health behaviors?
Which factor refers to the confidence in one's ability to take action regarding health behaviors?
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What do perceived barriers to action represent in health behavior?
What do perceived barriers to action represent in health behavior?
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How can effective health policies influence individual health behaviors?
How can effective health policies influence individual health behaviors?
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What is the aim of health-promoting behavior within health promotion models?
What is the aim of health-promoting behavior within health promotion models?
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Which factor can create environments that support healthy lifestyles?
Which factor can create environments that support healthy lifestyles?
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In social learning theory, how do individuals primarily learn health behaviors?
In social learning theory, how do individuals primarily learn health behaviors?
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What represents a change in the environment that can lead to better health outcomes?
What represents a change in the environment that can lead to better health outcomes?
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What is the primary focus of Milio's framework for prevention?
What is the primary focus of Milio's framework for prevention?
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Which process is NOT one of the four main processes highlighted in the learning theory?
Which process is NOT one of the four main processes highlighted in the learning theory?
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What is one of the core values of the DOH?
What is one of the core values of the DOH?
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According to the content, what assumption is made about all persons in learning scenarios?
According to the content, what assumption is made about all persons in learning scenarios?
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What is an expected outcome of the Department of Health's role?
What is an expected outcome of the Department of Health's role?
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What is the primary goal of the Department of Health's mission?
What is the primary goal of the Department of Health's mission?
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Which of the following best describes the role of motivation in the learning process?
Which of the following best describes the role of motivation in the learning process?
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Which statement about the DOH is correct?
Which statement about the DOH is correct?
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Study Notes
Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)
- Launched in July 1976
- Aims to reduce the number of cases of immunizable diseases
- Administered in 3 doses
- First and second doses are given 6 weeks apart
- Second and third doses are given 8 weeks apart
- Dose volume: 0.5 ml IM Vastus Lateralis
- Side effects: Local soreness, NO fever
- Management: Warm compress, do not massage, continue breastfeeding
Laws Governing Immunization
- PD 996: Compulsory immunization for children under 8 years old
- RA 7846: Compulsory Hepatitis B immunization
- RA 10152: Mandatory Infant & Children Health Immunization Act of 2011
DPT Vaccine
- Administered in 3 doses
- Dose interval: 4 weeks
- Dose volume: 0.5 ml IM Vastus Lateralis (upper outer thigh)
- Side effects: Local soreness, fever
- Management: Warm compress, antipyretics, continue breastfeeding, do not massage the site
OPV Vaccine
- Administered in 3 doses
- Dose interval: 4 weeks
- 1-2 drops administered orally (directly to tongue)
- Side effects: No known side effects
- Management: Withhold breastfeeding for 30 minutes after vaccination
5 Elements of EPI
- Surveillance
- IEC (Information, Education Communication)
- Cold Chain & Logistic Management
- Assessment and Evaluation
- Target Setting
Clients of Community Health Nursing (CHN)
- Individuals
- People who consult at the health center and receive health services
- Seen during home visits, school health consultations, workplace visits, and other community-based activities
- Serve as entry point to work with the whole family
- Families
- Group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests
- Function within a particular sociocultural context
- Basic unit of care in CHN
- Locus of decision making on health matters
- 6 Health Tasks
- Recognizing interruptions of health and development
- Seeking health care
- Managing health and non-health crises
- Providing nursing care to the sick, disabled and dependent members
- Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal development
- Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and health institutions
Theoretical Models of CHN
-
Definition of Health
- WHO: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- MURRAY: A state of well-being in which the person is able to use purposeful, adaptive responses and processes physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and socially
- PENDER: Actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others
Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)
- MTPDP 2004-2010 outlined priority strategies to meet the basic needs of the poor
- Identified health priorities
- Reduction of the cost of medicines
- Expansion of health insurance, particularly for indigents through premium subsidies
- Strengthening national and local health systems through the implementation of the Health Sector Reform Agenda
- Improvement of healthcare management systems
- Improvement of health and productivity
- Establishment of drug treatment and rehabilitation centers and expansion of existing ones
Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA)
- Developed by DOH from 1999-2004
- Reforms included
- Providing fiscal autonomy to government hospitals
- Securing funding for priority public health programs
- Promoting development of local health systems and ensuring effectiveness
HSRA Principles
- Fostering a strong and healthy nation
- Enhancing the performance of the health sector
- Ensuring universal access to quality healthcare
- Improving macroeconomic and social conditions for better health gains
Health Promotion Model
-
Personal Factors: Includes;
- Biological (age, gender)
- Psychological (self-esteem, motivation)
- Sociocultural (ethnic background, education level)
-
Behaviour-Specific Cognitions and Affect:
- Perceived Benefits of Action: Beliefs about the positive outcomes of a behavior can motivate people to engage in healthy behaviors
- Perceived Barriers to Action: These are the obstacles that may hinder individuals from engaging in a behavior
- Perceived Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one’s ability to take action and persist in that action
-
Behavioral Outcomes:
- Commitment to a Plan of Action: This involves planning and strategizing how to achieve the desired health behavior.
- Health Promoting Behavior: This is the goal or outcome of HPM. The aim is to attain positive health outcomes.
Social Learning Theory
- Based on the belief that learning takes place within a social context.
- Learning is promoted by modeling or observing other people.
- All persons are thinking beings capable of making decisions and acting according to expected consequences of their behavior.
- The environment affects learning but learning outcomes depend on the learner’s individual characteristics.
- Processes included:
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation
Milio’s Framework for Prevention
- Focuses on the role of community and environmental factors in health and disease prevention.
- Highlights how policy and environmental changes can lead to healthier behaviors.
- Emphasizes the need for structural changes in society to promote health and prevent disease.
Key Concepts
- Health Policy: Policies can create environments that either support or hinder healthy lifestyles.
- Environmental Influences: The environment plays a significant role in shaping health behaviors. Changes in the environment can lead to better health outcomes.
The Philippine Health Care Delivery System
- An organized plan of services to render health care services to the people.
- Totality of all policies, infrastructure, facilities, equipment, products, human resources and services that address the health needs, problems, and concerns for all people.
Significant Milestone
- The DOH remains the national government’s biggest health care provider.
- The DOH exercises regulatory powers over health facilities and products.
- The DOH takes the lead in formulation of policies and standards related to health facilities, health products and health human resources.
- It provides the LGU the necessary support in managing their local health system.
DOH Vision
- “The DOH is the champion for health for all in the Philippines”
DOH Mission
- “Guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health”
DOH Core Values
- Integrity
- Excellence
- Compassion and respect for human dignity
Types of Health Care Personnel
-
Primary: First point of contact for patients, provides care for minor and simple cases
- Midwife
- CHW (Community Health Worker)
- BNS (Barangay Nutrition Scholar)
-
Secondary: Care provided by specialists, includes more specialized medical services
- PHN (Public Health Nurse)
- MHO (Municipal Health Officer)
- Tertiary: Involves highly specialized care
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Description
This quiz covers the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), including vaccine administration schedules, laws governing immunization, and specific details about the DPT and OPV vaccines. Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of immunization practices and legislation.