Expanded Program on Immunization Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization?

To increase the frequency of vaccinations

To promote alternative medicine practices

To reduce the number of immunizable diseases/cases (correct)

To eliminate all diseases

How many doses are required for DPT immunization?

4 doses

1 dose

2 doses

3 doses (correct)

What is the recommended management for local soreness after vaccination?

Use a warm compress and avoid massaging the site (correct)

Ignore it, as it will resolve on its own

Take antibiotics

Apply ice and massage the area

Which law mandates compulsory immunization for children below 8 years old?

PD 996 Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action after administering OPV?

Withhold breastfeeding for 30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym FIC stand for in the context of immunization?

Fully Immunized Child Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct interval between doses for the DPT vaccine?

4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What does the Cold Chain & Logistic Management element ensure in the Expanded Program on Immunization?

Proper storage and transport of vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of primary health care personnel?

To act as the first point of contact for patients. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the identified health priorities in the Philippine Medium-Term Development Plan?

Development of advanced surgical techniques. Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of the Health Sector Reform Agenda emphasizes fostering a strong nation?

Fostering a strong and healthy nation. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of health sector reform regarding local health systems?

Promoting the effective development of local health systems. Signup and view all the answers

Which option is aimed at improving health care management systems?

Implementing comprehensive health care reforms. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the medium-term Philippine development plan, what aspect relates to health insurance for the poor?

Expansion with a focus on premium subsidies. Signup and view all the answers

What strategy is associated with improving health systems performance?

Implementing health sector reforms at various levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a major goal of the Health Sector Reform Agenda?

To ensure universal access to quality health care. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the leading causes of morbidity among older persons?

Skin diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the 'basic unit of care' in Community Health Nursing?

The family Signup and view all the answers

According to WHO, how is health defined?

Complete physical, mental, and social well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which health task involves providing nursing care to sick or disabled family members?

Providing nursing care Signup and view all the answers

What does Pender's definition of health emphasize?

Inherent and acquired human potential Signup and view all the answers

What demographic is indicated as not typically a client of Community Health Nursing?

Healthy individuals Signup and view all the answers

Which task involves maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community?

Maintaining a reciprocal relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function that the family performs within the context of Community Health Nursing?

Seeking employment opportunities Signup and view all the answers

What are the personal factors that influence an individual's health behavior?

Socio-Cultural Factors Signup and view all the answers

Which factor refers to the confidence in one's ability to take action regarding health behaviors?

Perceived Self Efficacy Signup and view all the answers

What do perceived barriers to action represent in health behavior?

Obstacles that hinder engagement Signup and view all the answers

How can effective health policies influence individual health behaviors?

They provide necessary resources and opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of health-promoting behavior within health promotion models?

To attain positive health outcomes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can create environments that support healthy lifestyles?

Political Leadership Signup and view all the answers

In social learning theory, how do individuals primarily learn health behaviors?

From observing others in a social context Signup and view all the answers

What represents a change in the environment that can lead to better health outcomes?

Safer neighborhoods Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Milio's framework for prevention?

Community and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which process is NOT one of the four main processes highlighted in the learning theory?

Recalibration Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the core values of the DOH?

Integrity Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what assumption is made about all persons in learning scenarios?

They are capable of making decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is an expected outcome of the Department of Health's role?

Provide equitable access to health services Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Department of Health's mission?

To ensure equitable and sustainable health access Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of motivation in the learning process?

It provides a reason to imitate behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the DOH is correct?

It leads in formulating health policies and standards. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

Launched in July 1976
Aims to reduce the number of cases of immunizable diseases
Administered in 3 doses
First and second doses are given 6 weeks apart
Second and third doses are given 8 weeks apart
Dose volume: 0.5 ml IM Vastus Lateralis
Side effects: Local soreness, NO fever
Management: Warm compress, do not massage, continue breastfeeding

Laws Governing Immunization

PD 996: Compulsory immunization for children under 8 years old
RA 7846: Compulsory Hepatitis B immunization
RA 10152: Mandatory Infant & Children Health Immunization Act of 2011

DPT Vaccine

Administered in 3 doses
Dose interval: 4 weeks
Dose volume: 0.5 ml IM Vastus Lateralis (upper outer thigh)
Side effects: Local soreness, fever
Management: Warm compress, antipyretics, continue breastfeeding, do not massage the site

OPV Vaccine

Administered in 3 doses
Dose interval: 4 weeks
1-2 drops administered orally (directly to tongue)
Side effects: No known side effects
Management: Withhold breastfeeding for 30 minutes after vaccination

5 Elements of EPI

Surveillance
IEC (Information, Education Communication)
Cold Chain & Logistic Management
Assessment and Evaluation
Target Setting

Clients of Community Health Nursing (CHN)

Individuals
- People who consult at the health center and receive health services
- Seen during home visits, school health consultations, workplace visits, and other community-based activities
- Serve as entry point to work with the whole family
Families
- Group of people sharing common geographic boundaries and/or common values and interests
- Function within a particular sociocultural context
- Basic unit of care in CHN
- Locus of decision making on health matters
- 6 Health Tasks
  - Recognizing interruptions of health and development
  - Seeking health care
  - Managing health and non-health crises
  - Providing nursing care to the sick, disabled and dependent members
  - Maintaining a home environment conducive to good health and personal development
  - Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and health institutions

Theoretical Models of CHN

Definition of Health
- WHO: A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
- MURRAY: A state of well-being in which the person is able to use purposeful, adaptive responses and processes physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and socially
- PENDER: Actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and satisfying relationships with others

Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP)

MTPDP 2004-2010 outlined priority strategies to meet the basic needs of the poor
Identified health priorities
- Reduction of the cost of medicines
- Expansion of health insurance, particularly for indigents through premium subsidies
- Strengthening national and local health systems through the implementation of the Health Sector Reform Agenda
- Improvement of healthcare management systems
- Improvement of health and productivity
- Establishment of drug treatment and rehabilitation centers and expansion of existing ones

Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA)

Developed by DOH from 1999-2004
Reforms included
- Providing fiscal autonomy to government hospitals
- Securing funding for priority public health programs
- Promoting development of local health systems and ensuring effectiveness

HSRA Principles

Fostering a strong and healthy nation
Enhancing the performance of the health sector
Ensuring universal access to quality healthcare
Improving macroeconomic and social conditions for better health gains

Health Promotion Model

Personal Factors: Includes;
- Biological (age, gender)
- Psychological (self-esteem, motivation)
- Sociocultural (ethnic background, education level)
Behaviour-Specific Cognitions and Affect:
- Perceived Benefits of Action: Beliefs about the positive outcomes of a behavior can motivate people to engage in healthy behaviors
- Perceived Barriers to Action: These are the obstacles that may hinder individuals from engaging in a behavior
- Perceived Self-Efficacy: Confidence in one’s ability to take action and persist in that action
Behavioral Outcomes:
- Commitment to a Plan of Action: This involves planning and strategizing how to achieve the desired health behavior.
- Health Promoting Behavior: This is the goal or outcome of HPM. The aim is to attain positive health outcomes.

Based on the belief that learning takes place within a social context.
Learning is promoted by modeling or observing other people.
All persons are thinking beings capable of making decisions and acting according to expected consequences of their behavior.
The environment affects learning but learning outcomes depend on the learner’s individual characteristics.
Processes included:
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation

Milio’s Framework for Prevention

Focuses on the role of community and environmental factors in health and disease prevention.
Highlights how policy and environmental changes can lead to healthier behaviors.
Emphasizes the need for structural changes in society to promote health and prevent disease.

Key Concepts

Health Policy: Policies can create environments that either support or hinder healthy lifestyles.
Environmental Influences: The environment plays a significant role in shaping health behaviors. Changes in the environment can lead to better health outcomes.

The Philippine Health Care Delivery System

An organized plan of services to render health care services to the people.
Totality of all policies, infrastructure, facilities, equipment, products, human resources and services that address the health needs, problems, and concerns for all people.

Significant Milestone

The DOH remains the national government’s biggest health care provider.
The DOH exercises regulatory powers over health facilities and products.
The DOH takes the lead in formulation of policies and standards related to health facilities, health products and health human resources.
It provides the LGU the necessary support in managing their local health system.

DOH Vision

“The DOH is the champion for health for all in the Philippines”

DOH Mission

“Guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health”

DOH Core Values

Integrity
Excellence
Compassion and respect for human dignity

Types of Health Care Personnel

Primary: First point of contact for patients, provides care for minor and simple cases
- Midwife
- CHW (Community Health Worker)
- BNS (Barangay Nutrition Scholar)
Secondary: Care provided by specialists, includes more specialized medical services
- PHN (Public Health Nurse)
- MHO (Municipal Health Officer)
Tertiary: Involves highly specialized care

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Description

This quiz covers the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), including vaccine administration schedules, laws governing immunization, and specific details about the DPT and OPV vaccines. Test your knowledge on the essential aspects of immunization practices and legislation.