Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary risk associated with an annular pancreas?
What is the primary risk associated with an annular pancreas?
What condition arises due to the premature activation of trypsin in acute pancreatitis?
What condition arises due to the premature activation of trypsin in acute pancreatitis?
Which symptom is common in both acute and chronic pancreatitis?
Which symptom is common in both acute and chronic pancreatitis?
Which complication is specifically associated with acute pancreatitis due to E. coli infection?
Which complication is specifically associated with acute pancreatitis due to E. coli infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant late complication of chronic pancreatitis?
What is a significant late complication of chronic pancreatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which substance is most likely consumed during fat necrosis in acute pancreatitis, leading to hypocalcemia?
Which substance is most likely consumed during fat necrosis in acute pancreatitis, leading to hypocalcemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which imaging feature is indicative of chronic pancreatitis?
Which imaging feature is indicative of chronic pancreatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Most cases of chronic pancreatitis in adults are primarily caused by which factor?
Most cases of chronic pancreatitis in adults are primarily caused by which factor?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Exocrine Pancreas, Gallbladder, and Liver Pathology
-
Annular Pancreas: A developmental malformation where the pancreas forms a ring around the duodenum, potentially causing obstruction.
-
Acute Pancreatitis: Inflammation and hemorrhage of the pancreas, often due to premature activation of pancreatic enzymes, particularly trypsin. Common causes include alcohol, gallstones, trauma, hypercalcemia, etc.
-
Acute Pancreatitis - Clinical Features:
- Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back
- Nausea and vomiting
- Periumbilical/flank hemorrhage (necrosis spreading)
- Elevated serum lipase (more specific than amylase)
- Hypocalcemia due to fat necrosis
-
Acute Pancreatitis - Complications:
- Shock due to hemorrhage and fluid shifts
- Pancreatic pseudocysts (fibrous tissue surrounding liquefied necrosis and enzymes)
- Pancreatic abscess (often due to E. coli)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
-
Chronic Pancreatitis: Fibrosis of pancreatic parenchyma, often due to recurrent acute pancreatitis, but sometimes idiopathic. Common causes include alcohol abuse and cystic fibrosis.
-
Chronic Pancreatitis - Clinical Features:
- Epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back
- Pancreatic insufficiency, leading to malabsorption and fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies (steatorrhea)
- Amylase and lipase not useful for assessing chronic pancreatitis
- Dystrophic calcification of the pancreas on imaging, showing a "chain of lakes" pattern associated with ductal dilation
-
Pancreatic Carcinoma: Adenocarcinoma arising from pancreatic ducts, typically affecting elderly individuals (average age 70).
-
Pancreatic Carcinoma - Risk Factors: Smoking and chronic pancreatitis.
-
Pancreatic Carcinoma - Clinical Features (Occur Late):
- Epigastric abdominal pain and weight loss
- Obstructive jaundice (pale stools, palpable gallbladder) typically associated with head of pancreas tumors
- Secondary diabetes mellitus associated with body/tail tumors
- Pancreatitis
- Migratory thrombophlebitis (Trousseau sign) in about 10% of patients
- Elevated CA 19-9 serum tumor marker
-
Pancreatic Carcinoma - Treatment: Surgical resection (Whipple procedure) for some cases.
-
Pancreatic Carcinoma - Prognosis: Very poor, with a 1-year survival rate below 10%.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the pathology of the exocrine pancreas, gallbladder, and liver. This quiz covers conditions such as annular pancreas, acute pancreatitis, and its clinical features and complications. It's a great resource for medical students and professionals alike.
