Exercise Physiology Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What is the term that describes the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled within one minute?

  • Ejection Fraction
  • Stroke Volume
  • Maximal Voluntary Ventilation (correct)
  • Cardiac Output

    • What is the phase of the cardiac cycle that involves ventricular contraction?

  • Systole (correct)
  • Cardiac Output
  • Diastole
  • Ejection Fraction

    • What is the term used to describe a decrease in plasma pH below 7.1 caused by the addition of acid other than carbonic acid?

  • Acidosis
  • Respiratory Acidosis
  • Metabolic Acidosis (correct)
  • Ventilatory Threshold

    • What is the term used to describe the exercise intensity at which a rapid and systemic increase in blood lactate concentration occurs?

    <p>Ventilatory Threshold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the volume of blood pumped from the ventricles each minute?

    <p>Cardiac Output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the fraction of end-diastolic volume ejected during ventricular systole?

    <p>Ejection Fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myoglobin in muscle fibres?

    <p>To transport oxygen to the mitochondria and release it at low partial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During high-intensity exercise, what occurs at the beginning of exercise?

    <p>Oxygen deficit occurs, resulting in anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for muscle contraction?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the maintenance of a constant internal environment during exercise?

    <p>Steady state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy system that generates ATP through the breakdown of glucose?

    <p>Anaerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred?

    <p>1st Law of Thermodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where the body continues to engage in energy expenditure at elevated rates after exercise?

    <p>EPOC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the all-or-none principle in muscle physiology?

    <p>All-or-None Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of power in exercise physiology?

    <p>Work done per unit of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system produces ATP from glucose or fat in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Aerobic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of glucose breakdown via anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle fibres are best for short duration, high intensity activity?

    <p>Type IIb Fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the balance between energy required for work and ATP production via aerobic means?

    <p>Steady State</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the amount of oxygen consumed at maximum exercise intensity?

    <p>VO2 max</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of air into or out of the lungs?

    <p>Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of FEV1 to FVC?

    <p>FEV1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that transfer electrons from hydrogen atom carriers to oxygen?

    <p>Electron Transport Chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the volume of gas that diffuses through a membrane per minute at a pressure gradient of 1mmHg?

    <p>Diffusion Capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Exercise Physiology Definitions

    • Work is the application of force through a distance.
    • Energy is the capacity to perform work.
    • Power is the rate of performing work, measured as work done per unit of time.

    Energy Production and Efficiency

    • The mechanical efficiency of the body is the percentage of total chemical energy expended that contributes to external work.
    • Efficiency is the ratio of work output to work input.
    • ATP-PCr system produces ATP via the breakdown of phosphocreatine.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis produces ATP via the breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen.
    • The aerobic system produces ATP from glucose or fat in the presence of oxygen, occurring in the mitochondria.

    Energy Systems and Processes

    • Lypolysis is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids.
    • Electron transport chain is a series of chemical reactions in the mitochondria that transfer electrons from hydrogen atom carriers to oxygen.
    • Steady state is a balance between energy required for work and ATP production via aerobic means.

    Measurement and Testing

    • VO2 max is the amount of oxygen consumed at maximum exercise intensity, representing the ability to attain a high level of aerobic performance.
    • Submaximal VO2 is the amount of oxygen consumed at submaximal exercise intensity.
    • Lactate is a by-product of glucose breakdown via anaerobic glycolysis.

    Anaerobic Threshold and Ventilation

    • Anaerobic threshold is the second inflection point on the curve, where lactate concentration is 4.0 mmol/L, representing the ability to maintain a high level of aerobic performance.
    • Ventilatory threshold is the volume of air ventilated relative to the amount of oxygen consumed (increases as exercise intensity increases).

    Muscle Fibres and Respiration

    • Type I fibres are slow twitch oxidative, best for long duration, low intensity activity.
    • Type IIa fibres are fast twitch oxidative, best for short duration, high intensity activity.
    • Type IIb fibres are fast twitch glycolytic.
    • Ventilation is the movement of air into or out of the lungs.
    • Respiration is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide via diffusion.

    Other Key Concepts

    • Diffusion capacity is the volume of gas that diffuses through a membrane per minute at a pressure gradient of 1 mmHg.
    • Forced vital capacity (FVC) is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after inspiring minimally.
    • Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is the volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs in the first second of a forced expiratory manoeuvre.
    • FEV1% is the ratio of FEV1 to FVC, indicating what percentage of the total FVC was expelled from the lungs during the first second of forced exhalation.
    • Partial pressure is the pressure exerted by each individual gas in a gas mixture.
    • Myoglobin is found in skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres, transporting oxygen to mitochondria and releasing oxygen at very low partial pressure.

    Motor Units and Control Systems

    • Motor unit is a motor neuron and all the specific muscle fibres it innervates.
    • Oxygen deficit is the lag in oxygen uptake that occurs at the beginning of exercise or when the exercise intensity increases.
    • Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment under normal resting conditions.
    • Steady state is the maintenance of a constant internal environment under exercise conditions.
    • Biological control system is a series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter of the body at a near or constant value.

    Other Key Terms

    • Muscular contraction involves the transformation of chemical energy (ATP) to mechanical energy (movement).
    • ATP is a high-energy compound consisting of one adenosine molecule and three phosphates with energy stored between the phosphate bonds.
    • 1st Law of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but transferred from one form to another.
    • Post-exercise oxygen consumption is the phenomenon where the body continues to engage in energy expenditure at elevated rates while cooling down back to homeostatic levels after an intense workout.
    • All-or-none principle states that if the stimulus is strong enough to trigger an action potential in the motor neuron, all of the fibres in that unit are stimulated to contract.
    • Maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) is a measure of the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled within one minute.
    • Cardiac cycle is the repeating contraction and relaxation of the heart.
    • Systole is ventricular contraction, while diastole is ventricular relaxation.
    • Cardiac output is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricles each minute.
    • Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle during systolic contractions.
    • Ejection fraction is the fraction of end-diastolic volume ejected during ventricular systole.

    Acid-Base Balance

    • Acidosis is an abnormal increase in blood hydrogen ion concentrations and therefore a decrease in pH.
    • Metabolic acidosis is a decrease in plasma pH below 7.1 caused by the addition of acid other than carbonic acid (e.g. lactic acid).
    • Respiratory acidosis is a decrease in plasma pH below 7.1 caused by the addition of carbonic acid (by decreased alveolar ventilation).

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    Description

    This quiz covers key definitions in exercise physiology, including terms related to work, energy, power, and measurement techniques.

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