Questions and Answers
What is a proprioceptor and where are they located?
A receptor that provides the CNS with information about body position and movement. They are located in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear.
What are the three joint proprioceptors?
- Free Nerve Endings, 2) Golgi-type Receptors, 3) Pacinian Corpuscles
Where are Free Nerve Endings located?
In the skin around joints
Where are Golgi-Type Receptors located?
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Where are Pacinian Corpuscles located?
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What is the function of Free Nerve Endings?
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What is the function of Golgi-Type Receptors?
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What is the function of Pacinian Corpuscles?
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What are the two types of muscle proprioceptors?
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What is the nickname for the Muscle Spindle?
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What are the four functions of the Muscle Spindle?
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What is the function of Gamma motor neurons?
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Which Muscle Proprioceptor is responsible for the Knee-jerk reflex?
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What is a stretch reflex?
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Where is a muscle spindle located?
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Where is a Golgi Tendon Organ located?
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What is the nickname of the Golgi Tendon Organ?
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What is the function of the Golgi Tendon Organ?
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What is the effect of training on a Golgi Tendon Organ?
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What is the function of Muscle Chemoreceptors?
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Reflexes are integrated at the spinal cord level.
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What is the order of events for a reflex?
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Define Reciprocal Inhibition
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Define Crossed-Extensor Reflex
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Define Motor Unit
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What is the function of Alpha Motor Neurons?
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What is the Innervation Ratio?
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Muscles that require fine motor control have a higher innervation ratio.
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Study Notes
Proprioceptors
- Proprioceptors provide the CNS with information on body position and movement.
- Locations include muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear.
Types of Joint Proprioceptors
- Three types: Free Nerve Endings, Golgi-type Receptors, Pacinian Corpuscles.
- Free Nerve Endings are found in the skin around joints and detect touch and pressure.
- Golgi-type Receptors are located in ligaments and around joints, also detecting touch and pressure.
- Pacinian Corpuscles are situated in tissues around joints and detect the rate of joint rotation.
Muscle Proprioceptors
- Two types: Muscle Spindle (Length Detector) and Golgi Tendon Organ (Safety Device).
- Muscle Spindles provide fiber length information, assist in fine motor control, regulation of movement, and maintaining posture.
- Gamma motor neurons stimulate intrafusal fibers to contract parallel to extrafusal fibers.
- Muscle Spindles are responsible for knee-jerk reflexes; they are aligned with muscle fibers.
- Golgi Tendon Organs are located in tendons, preventing muscle damage by sending IPSPs to muscle fibers when excessive force is detected.
Training Effects
- Training increases the threshold for activating Golgi Tendon Organs.
Muscle Chemoreceptors
- Provide the CNS with information regarding the metabolic rate of muscular activity.
Reflexes
- Integrated at the spinal cord level.
- Reflex order of events: Sensory nerve sends impulse to spinal cord, interneurons activate motor neurons, and motor neurons control muscle movement.
- Reciprocal inhibition involves sending EPSPs to contracting muscles and IPSPs to antagonistic muscles.
- Crossed-extensor reflex engages flexors on one side and relaxes extensors while doing the opposite on the other side to help withdraw from stimuli.
Motor Unit
- Defined as a motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.
- Alpha Motor Neurons innervate skeletal muscles.
- Innervation ratio refers to the number of muscle fibers per motor neuron; fine motor control requires a lower innervation ratio for increased accuracy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on proprioceptors with these flashcards from Exercise Physiology Chapter 7 B. Learn about the types of joint proprioceptors, their locations, and functions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of body position and movement.