Exercise Physiology Chapter 7 B Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is a proprioceptor and where are they located?

A receptor that provides the CNS with information about body position and movement. They are located in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear.

What are the three joint proprioceptors?

Free Nerve Endings, 2) Golgi-type Receptors, 3) Pacinian Corpuscles

Where are Free Nerve Endings located?

In the skin around joints

Where are Golgi-Type Receptors located?

In ligaments and around joints Signup and view all the answers

Where are Pacinian Corpuscles located?

In tissues around joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Free Nerve Endings?

Detect touch and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Golgi-Type Receptors?

Detect touch and pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Pacinian Corpuscles?

Detect rate of joint rotation Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of muscle proprioceptors?

<ol> <li>Muscle Spindle, 2) Golgi Tendon Organ</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname for the Muscle Spindle?

Length Detector Signup and view all the answers

What are the four functions of the Muscle Spindle?

<ol> <li>Provide fiber length info to CNS, 2) Fine motor control, 3) Assist in regulation of movement, 4) Maintain Posture</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Gamma motor neurons?

Stimulate intrafusal fibers (like Motor Spindles) to contract with extrafusal fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which Muscle Proprioceptor is responsible for the Knee-jerk reflex?

Muscle Spindle Signup and view all the answers

What is a stretch reflex?

Stretch on muscle causes reflex contraction (knee-jerk reflex) Signup and view all the answers

Where is a muscle spindle located?

Inline with the muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

Where is a Golgi Tendon Organ located?

In the tendons Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname of the Golgi Tendon Organ?

Safety Device Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi Tendon Organ?

Prevent muscle damage during excessive force generation by sending an IPSP to muscle fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of training on a Golgi Tendon Organ?

Increases the threshold to activate the GTO Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Muscle Chemoreceptors?

Provides CNS with info regarding the metabolic rate of muscular activity Signup and view all the answers

Reflexes are integrated at the spinal cord level.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of events for a reflex?

<ol> <li>Sensory nerve sends impulse to spinal cord, 2) Interneurons activate motor neurons, 3) Motor neurons control movement of muscles</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Define Reciprocal Inhibition

EPSPs are sent to contracting muscles and IPSPs are sent to antagonistic muscles Signup and view all the answers

Define Crossed-Extensor Reflex

aka Withdrawal Reflex: One side of body retracts by engaging flexors and relaxing extensors but the other side of the body does the opposite in order to help the body pull away Signup and view all the answers

Define Motor Unit

Motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Alpha Motor Neurons?

Innervate skeletal muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the Innervation Ratio?

Number of muscle fibers per motor neuron Signup and view all the answers

Muscles that require fine motor control have a higher innervation ratio.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Proprioceptors

Proprioceptors provide the CNS with information on body position and movement.
Locations include muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear.

Types of Joint Proprioceptors

Three types: Free Nerve Endings, Golgi-type Receptors, Pacinian Corpuscles.
Free Nerve Endings are found in the skin around joints and detect touch and pressure.
Golgi-type Receptors are located in ligaments and around joints, also detecting touch and pressure.
Pacinian Corpuscles are situated in tissues around joints and detect the rate of joint rotation.

Muscle Proprioceptors

Two types: Muscle Spindle (Length Detector) and Golgi Tendon Organ (Safety Device).
Muscle Spindles provide fiber length information, assist in fine motor control, regulation of movement, and maintaining posture.
Gamma motor neurons stimulate intrafusal fibers to contract parallel to extrafusal fibers.
Muscle Spindles are responsible for knee-jerk reflexes; they are aligned with muscle fibers.
Golgi Tendon Organs are located in tendons, preventing muscle damage by sending IPSPs to muscle fibers when excessive force is detected.

Training Effects

Training increases the threshold for activating Golgi Tendon Organs.

Muscle Chemoreceptors

Provide the CNS with information regarding the metabolic rate of muscular activity.

Reflexes

Integrated at the spinal cord level.
Reflex order of events: Sensory nerve sends impulse to spinal cord, interneurons activate motor neurons, and motor neurons control muscle movement.
Reciprocal inhibition involves sending EPSPs to contracting muscles and IPSPs to antagonistic muscles.
Crossed-extensor reflex engages flexors on one side and relaxes extensors while doing the opposite on the other side to help withdraw from stimuli.

Motor Unit

Defined as a motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.
Alpha Motor Neurons innervate skeletal muscles.
Innervation ratio refers to the number of muscle fibers per motor neuron; fine motor control requires a lower innervation ratio for increased accuracy.

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Description

Test your knowledge on proprioceptors with these flashcards from Exercise Physiology Chapter 7 B. Learn about the types of joint proprioceptors, their locations, and functions. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of body position and movement.