A&P I Lecture Chapter 13 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Which of the receptor types might function as a nociceptor?

Nociceptors (correct)

Proprioceptors

Chemoreceptors

Thermoreceptors

Which of the receptor types pictured functions exclusively as a proprioceptor?

Proprioceptors (correct)

Mechanoreceptors

Nociceptors

Thermoreceptors

Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves?

Nerves are covered by an outer sheath called the epineurium.

Nerves are analogous to tracts in the CNS.

Nerves are collections of axons of either sensory or motor neurons but not both. (correct)

Nerves do not contain cell bodies.

Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve?

endoneurium Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs?

vagus nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?

abducens nerve Signup and view all the answers

The phrenic nerve is a branch from the __________.

cervical plexus Signup and view all the answers

Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______.

motor branches of ventral rami associated with the C3-C5 region of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______.

sternocleidomastoid muscle Signup and view all the answers

In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______.

cutaneous branches of the median nerve Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______.

flex the wrist Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?

segmental level, projection level, precommand level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc?

Interneurons Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism momentarily overrides your reflexive action to immediately drop a hot cookie sheet?

modulation of descending motor pathways by brainstem and cortex Signup and view all the answers

Classify the neuron at A.

afferent sensory neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific function of the structure labeled F?

determination of muscle length Signup and view all the answers

What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer?

the contraction of muscle E Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nociceptors and Proprioceptors

Nociceptors detect harmful stimuli, such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and noxious chemicals. They are associated with free nerve endings of specialized neurons.
Proprioceptors respond specifically to body movement, with muscle spindles detecting muscle stretch.

Nerve Structure and Function

Nerves consist of axons from either sensory or motor neurons and can be mixed, containing both types.
Each nerve axon is surrounded by endoneurium, a delicate layer of loose connective tissue that includes associated Schwann cells.

Cranial Nerves

The vagus nerve innervates many visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
The abducens nerve is exclusively motor, supplying the extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eye.

Phrenic Nerve

The phrenic nerve, branching from the cervical plexus, provides both motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm and is critical for breathing.

Reflex Actions and Interneurons

Hiccups may occur from irritation to motor branches of ventral rami in the C3-C5 spinal cord region, affecting diaphragm function.
Interneurons are not essential for reflex arcs, although they often serve as integration points.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve Damage

Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause tingling in the thumb due to median nerve compression affecting the cutaneous branches.
Damage to the ulnar nerve may hinder wrist flexion through its innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

Motor Control Hierarchy

The hierarchy of motor control ranges from the segmental level (lowest), to the projection level, and finally to the precommand level (highest).

Muscle Reaction Mechanism

When handling hot objects, brainstem and cortex modulation can temporarily override reflex actions to protect against immediate drops, allowing for controlled removal.

Muscle Spindle Function

Muscle spindles act as proprioceptors, specifically responding to changes in muscle length and contributing to the sense of body position.

General Neurological Concepts

Afferent sensory neurons transmit information from muscles to the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in motor control and reflex actions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on receptor types in Anatomy and Physiology with these flashcards from Chapter 13. This quiz focuses on nociceptors and proprioceptors, helping you understand their specific functions and characteristics. Perfect for revision and reinforcing key concepts.