Questions and Answers
Which of the receptor types might function as a nociceptor?
Which of the receptor types pictured functions exclusively as a proprioceptor?
Which of the following is NOT correct concerning nerves?
Which connective tissue layer directly surrounds every axon in a nerve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cranial nerve innervates most of the visceral organs?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following cranial nerves carries only motor information?
Signup and view all the answers
The phrenic nerve is a branch from the __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Hiccups could occur if there was irritation or damage to the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Injury to the brachial plexus could cause weakness or paralysis to all of the following EXCEPT the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
In carpal tunnel syndrome, there may be tingling and numbness in the thumb due to compression of the ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Damage to the ulnar nerve could result in the inability to ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following lists the hierarchy of motor control from lowest to highest level of control?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT required for a reflex arc?
Signup and view all the answers
What mechanism momentarily overrides your reflexive action to immediately drop a hot cookie sheet?
Signup and view all the answers
Classify the neuron at A.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the specific function of the structure labeled F?
Signup and view all the answers
What reaction would occur if the muscle labeled E were suddenly pulled longer?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Nociceptors and Proprioceptors
- Nociceptors detect harmful stimuli, such as extreme temperatures, pH levels, and noxious chemicals. They are associated with free nerve endings of specialized neurons.
- Proprioceptors respond specifically to body movement, with muscle spindles detecting muscle stretch.
Nerve Structure and Function
- Nerves consist of axons from either sensory or motor neurons and can be mixed, containing both types.
- Each nerve axon is surrounded by endoneurium, a delicate layer of loose connective tissue that includes associated Schwann cells.
Cranial Nerves
- The vagus nerve innervates many visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
- The abducens nerve is exclusively motor, supplying the extrinsic eye muscle that abducts the eye.
Phrenic Nerve
- The phrenic nerve, branching from the cervical plexus, provides both motor and sensory innervation to the diaphragm and is critical for breathing.
Reflex Actions and Interneurons
- Hiccups may occur from irritation to motor branches of ventral rami in the C3-C5 spinal cord region, affecting diaphragm function.
- Interneurons are not essential for reflex arcs, although they often serve as integration points.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and Ulnar Nerve Damage
- Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause tingling in the thumb due to median nerve compression affecting the cutaneous branches.
- Damage to the ulnar nerve may hinder wrist flexion through its innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.
Motor Control Hierarchy
- The hierarchy of motor control ranges from the segmental level (lowest), to the projection level, and finally to the precommand level (highest).
Muscle Reaction Mechanism
- When handling hot objects, brainstem and cortex modulation can temporarily override reflex actions to protect against immediate drops, allowing for controlled removal.
Muscle Spindle Function
- Muscle spindles act as proprioceptors, specifically responding to changes in muscle length and contributing to the sense of body position.
General Neurological Concepts
- Afferent sensory neurons transmit information from muscles to the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in motor control and reflex actions.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on receptor types in Anatomy and Physiology with these flashcards from Chapter 13. This quiz focuses on nociceptors and proprioceptors, helping you understand their specific functions and characteristics. Perfect for revision and reinforcing key concepts.