Excretory System Regulation

Excretory System Regulation

• The excretory system is regulated by the kidneys, which filter waste and excess substances from the blood
• The kidneys regulate electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and blood pressure
• The kidneys also produce hormones that help regulate red blood cell production, blood pressure, and calcium levels

Ureter Anatomy

• The ureters are muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder
• Each ureter is about 25-30 cm long and 3-4 mm in diameter
• The ureters have a spiral muscle layer that helps propel urine towards the bladder
• The ureters enter the bladder at an angle, preventing urine from flowing back up into the kidneys

Kidney Function

• The kidneys filter approximately 1.5 liters of blood per minute
• The kidneys remove waste and excess substances from the blood, regulating electrolyte and acid-base balance
• The kidneys also produce hormones that help regulate red blood cell production, blood pressure, and calcium levels
• The kidneys have a built-in autoregulatory mechanism to maintain a stable blood pressure

Urine Formation

• Urine formation occurs through the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
• The glomerulus filters the blood, producing a filtrate that enters the renal tubules
• The renal tubules reabsorb water and electrolytes, and secrete waste products
• The collecting ducts concentrate or dilute the urine depending on the body's needs

Bladder Physiology

• The bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine
• The bladder has a layer of transitional epithelium that allows it to stretch and expand
• The bladder has a trigone area that helps prevent reflux of urine into the ureters
• The bladder's detrusor muscle contracts to expel urine during micturition

Görselli Sorular (Visual Questions)

• What is the main function of the kidneys in the excretory system?
• Describe the structure and function of the ureters.
• How do the kidneys regulate electrolyte balance and acid-base balance?
• What is the role of the renal tubules in urine formation?
• How does the bladder store and expel urine?