Examination of the Lower Extremities

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What is the first step in the inspection of the lower extremities?

Checking for bruising

Observing muscle wasting

Examining the hip

Assessing the patient's gait (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lower extremity inspection?

Evaluating muscle strength (correct)

Looking for swelling

Checking for calluses

Noting skin color and texture

What is one of the findings that should be verbalized during inspection of the lower extremities?

Identifying muscle strength abnormalities

Noting the presence of pigmentation (correct)

Detecting enlarged veins

Not seeing any joint concavities

During lower extremity palpation, what should be checked near the patella?

Scars (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one crucial aspect to assess when examining the lower extremities' alignment?

Symmetry (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key element to evaluate when inspecting the hip?

Gait abnormalities (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the walking cycle is considered the Swing phase?

40% (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group contracts to stabilize the pelvis during the gait cycle?

Abductors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What gait abnormality may result from lack of knee flexion during the stance phase?

Circumduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does a wide base suggest during a gait inspection?

Cerebellar disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition can cause the pelvis to drop on the opposite side during gait?

Leg length discrepancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What should be assessed for symmetry when inspecting the legs in a supine patient?

Leg length (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is muscle strength graded on a 0 to 5 scale?

Using a scale of active movement against different levels of resistance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is primarily involved in ankle inversion and eversion?

Tibiotalar (ankle) joint (A) Signup and view all the answers

In strength testing, what does a grade of '2' mean?

Active movement with gravity eliminated (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip flexion?

Iliopsoas (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action should be performed to test hip flexion?

Place hand on the patient's mid-thigh and ask them to raise the leg against it (A) Signup and view all the answers

During strength testing, what does a grade of '4' indicate?

'Active movement against gravity and some resistance' (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where should you look for pitting edema on the feet?

Over the dorsum of each foot (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the severity of edema graded on?

Four-point scale (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a motion of the hip?

Supination (C) Signup and view all the answers

How should you test the range of motion for hip flexion?

With the patient supine (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can you stabilize the pelvis during hip abduction?

Pressing down on the opposite anterior–superior iliac spine with one hand (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the movement of the iliac spine mark during hip abduction?

The limit of hip abduction (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended technique for palpating the femoral pulse?

Press deeply below the inguinal ligament with both hands. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size of nontender, discrete inguinal nodes in normal people?

Up to 1 cm or even 2 cm in diameter (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the recommended location for palpating the DP pulse?

The dorsum of the foot just lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difficulty level of finding the popliteal pulse compared to other pulses?

More difficult to find than other pulses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended technique for palpating for pitting edema?

Press firmly but gently for at least 2 seconds (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the recommended location for palpating the PT pulse?

Curve your fingers behind and slightly below the medial malleolus of the ankle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Examination of the Lower Extremities - Lee Scott, MD, FAAP

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