Examination of the Lower Extremities - Lee Scott, MD, FAAP
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step in the inspection of the lower extremities?

  • Checking for bruising
  • Observing muscle wasting
  • Examining the hip
  • Assessing the patient's gait (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a part of the lower extremity inspection?

  • Evaluating muscle strength (correct)
  • Looking for swelling
  • Checking for calluses
  • Noting skin color and texture

    • What is one of the findings that should be verbalized during inspection of the lower extremities?

  • Identifying muscle strength abnormalities
  • Noting the presence of pigmentation (correct)
  • Detecting enlarged veins
  • Not seeing any joint concavities

    • During lower extremity palpation, what should be checked near the patella?

    <p>Scars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one crucial aspect to assess when examining the lower extremities' alignment?

    <p>Symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key element to evaluate when inspecting the hip?

    <p>Gait abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the walking cycle is considered the Swing phase?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group contracts to stabilize the pelvis during the gait cycle?

    <p>Abductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gait abnormality may result from lack of knee flexion during the stance phase?

    <p>Circumduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a wide base suggest during a gait inspection?

    <p>Cerebellar disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can cause the pelvis to drop on the opposite side during gait?

    <p>Leg length discrepancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be assessed for symmetry when inspecting the legs in a supine patient?

    <p>Leg length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is muscle strength graded on a 0 to 5 scale?

    <p>Using a scale of active movement against different levels of resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is primarily involved in ankle inversion and eversion?

    <p>Tibiotalar (ankle) joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In strength testing, what does a grade of '2' mean?

    <p>Active movement with gravity eliminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle group is primarily responsible for hip flexion?

    <p>Iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be performed to test hip flexion?

    <p>Place hand on the patient's mid-thigh and ask them to raise the leg against it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During strength testing, what does a grade of '4' indicate?

    <p>'Active movement against gravity and some resistance'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should you look for pitting edema on the feet?

    <p>Over the dorsum of each foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the severity of edema graded on?

    <p>Four-point scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a motion of the hip?

    <p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you test the range of motion for hip flexion?

    <p>With the patient supine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you stabilize the pelvis during hip abduction?

    <p>Pressing down on the opposite anterior–superior iliac spine with one hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the movement of the iliac spine mark during hip abduction?

    <p>The limit of hip abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended technique for palpating the femoral pulse?

    <p>Press deeply below the inguinal ligament with both hands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size of nontender, discrete inguinal nodes in normal people?

    <p>Up to 1 cm or even 2 cm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended location for palpating the DP pulse?

    <p>The dorsum of the foot just lateral to the extensor tendon of the great toe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difficulty level of finding the popliteal pulse compared to other pulses?

    <p>More difficult to find than other pulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended technique for palpating for pitting edema?

    <p>Press firmly but gently for at least 2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended location for palpating the PT pulse?

    <p>Curve your fingers behind and slightly below the medial malleolus of the ankle</p> Signup and view all the answers

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