Anatomy: Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi Insertion and Function
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the only rotator cuff muscle that inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis (correct)
  • Teres minor
  • Supraspinatus

Which of the following nerves innervates the teres minor muscle?

  • Upper subscapular nerve
  • Axillary nerve (correct)
  • Lower subscapular nerve
  • Suprascapular nerve

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is responsible for the initial abduction of the arm?

  • Teres minor
  • Infraspinatus
  • Supraspinatus (correct)
  • Subscapularis

Which of the following nerves innervates the subscapularis muscle?

<p>Lower subscapular nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is responsible for external rotation of the arm?

<p>Infraspinatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles works synergistically with the deltoid to abduct the arm?

<p>Supraspinatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves innervates the teres major muscle?

<p>Lower subscapular nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is responsible for internal rotation of the arm?

<p>Subscapularis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

<p>Suprascapular nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rotator cuff muscles is responsible for adduction of the arm?

<p>Subscapularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the trapezius muscle?

<p>Spinal part of the accessory nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is a primary adductor of the shoulder?

<p>Latissimus dorsi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for medial rotation of the arm in the vertical plane?

<p>Latissimus dorsi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the main climbing muscle, along with the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major, teres major, and posterior part of the deltoid?

<p>Latissimus dorsi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor muscles?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rhomboid major and minor muscles when acting bilaterally?

<p>Retract and rotate the scapula, depressing the glenoid cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the glenoid cavity of the scapula when acting unilaterally?

<p>Levator scapulae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for extending the arm in the coronal plane?

<p>Latissimus dorsi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is a synergist to the rhomboid major and minor muscles in rotating and depressing the scapula?

<p>Levator scapulae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is an antagonist to the rhomboid major and minor muscles in elevating the glenoid cavity of the scapula?

<p>Trapezius (superior and inferior parts) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the superior part (descending fibers) of the trapezius muscle?

<p>To elevate the clavicle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for retracting the scapula?

<p>Middle part (transverse fibers) of the trapezius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for depressing the scapula?

<p>Inferior part (ascending fibers) of the trapezius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?

<p>Rhomboid major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is considered part of the rotator cuff?

<p>Supraspinatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for assisting in the suspension of the upper limb?

<p>Trapezius (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for rotating the scapula upwards?

<p>Inferior part (ascending fibers) of the trapezius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?

<p>Trapezius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is considered a synergist to the rotator cuff muscles?

<p>Trapezius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the scapula?

<p>Levator scapulae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trapezius Nerve Supply

The trapezius muscle is innervated by the spinal part of the accessory nerve (CN XI) and also receives contributions from cervical spinal nerves C3-C4.

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

The latissimus dorsi muscle originates from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, the thoracolumbar fascia, and the iliac crest, inserting on the humerus.

Latissimus Dorsi Function

The latissimus dorsi muscle adducts, medially rotates, and extends the arm at the shoulder joint.

Levator Scapulae Origin

The levator scapulae originates from the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae, inserting on the superior angle of the scapula.

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Levator Scapulae Function

The levator scapulae muscle elevates and rotates the scapula downward, depressing the glenoid cavity.

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Rhomboid Muscles Function

The rhomboid muscles, minor and major, retract and rotate the scapula downward, depressing the glenoid cavity.

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Rhomboid Muscles Nerve Supply

The rhomboid minor and major muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve.

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Trapezius Superior Part Function

The upper portion of the trapezius muscle, originating from the superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, and C7 vertebra, elevates the clavicle.

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Trapezius Middle Part Function

The middle portion of the trapezius muscle, originating from the spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae, retracts the scapula.

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Trapezius Inferior Part Function

The lower portion of the trapezius muscle, originating from the spinous processes of the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, depresses the scapula.

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Rotator Cuff Muscles Function

The rotator cuff muscles, including supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis (remember as SIT+S), stabilize the shoulder joint and keep the head of the humerus within the glenoid cavity.

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Teres Major Function

The teres major muscle, located on the posterior surface of the scapula, inserts onto the humerus and helps in adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm.

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Deltoid Muscle Heads and Actions

The deltoid muscle, covering the shoulder joint, has three heads with distinct actions.

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Deltoid Anterior Head Function

The anterior head of the deltoid muscle, originating from the clavicle, flexes the arm at the shoulder joint.

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Deltoid Middle Head Function

The middle head of the deltoid muscle, originating from the acromion, abducts the arm at the shoulder joint.

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Deltoid Posterior Head Function

The posterior head of the deltoid muscle, originating from the spine of the scapula, extends the arm at the shoulder joint.

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Teres Major Nerve Supply

The teres major muscle is innervated by the lower subscapular nerve.

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Deltoid Nerve Supply

The deltoid muscle is innervated by the axillary nerve.

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Latissimus Dorsi Overview

The latissimus dorsi is a large, flat muscle located on the back, spanning from the lower thoracic and lumbar spine to the humerus.

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Levator Scapulae Overview

The levator scapulae muscle is a long, thin muscle located on the posterior neck, arising from the upper cervical spine.

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Rhomboid Muscles Overview

The rhomboid muscles are two muscles, major and minor, located on the posterior thorax, connecting the scapula to the vertebral column.

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Trapezius Muscle Overview

The trapezius muscle is a large, triangular muscle, covering the back of the neck and shoulder.

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Teres Major Muscle Overview

The teres major muscle is a small, round muscle located on the posterior surface of the scapula, near the teres minor.

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Deltoid Muscle Overview

The deltoid muscle is a thick, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint, giving the shoulder its rounded shape.

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Latissimus Dorsi Respiration Role

The latissimus dorsi also assists in inspiration and expiration by pulling the rib cage downwards during deep breathing.

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Latissimus Dorsi Climbing Role

The latissimus dorsi is often called "the climbing muscle" because it plays a crucial role in pulling the body upwards during climbing.

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Rotator Cuff Muscles Location

The rotator cuff muscles are named after their location surrounding the glenoid cavity, the socket of the shoulder joint.

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Study Notes

Trapezius and Accessory Nerve

  • Trapezius muscle innervated by spinal part of accessory nerve (XI th cranial nerve)
  • Also innervated by C3-C4

Latissimus Dorsi

  • Origin: spinous processes of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, and iliac crest
  • Insertion: floor of the intertubercular groove, crest of lesser tubercle
  • Functions:
    • Adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm
    • Assist in inspiration and expiration
    • Climbing muscle

Levator Scapulae

  • Origin: transverse processes of C1-C4
  • Insertion: superior angle of scapula
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
  • Function: elevation of the scapula, rotating it downward, and depressing the glenoid cavity

Rhomboid Muscles

  • Rhomboid minor and major muscles retract and rotate the scapula, depressing the glenoid cavity
  • Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
  • Origin: C7-T1 (rhomboid minor), T2-T5 (rhomboid major)
  • Insertion: medial border of scapula

Trapezius Muscle

  • Origin:
    • Superior part: superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, C7 vertebra
    • Middle part: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae, supraspinal ligament
    • Inferior part: spinous processes of lower thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae
  • Insertion:
    • Superior part: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
    • Middle part: acromion and spine of scapula
    • Inferior part: trigonum of the scapula
  • Functions:
    • Elevate the clavicle (superior part)
    • Retract the scapula (middle part)
    • Depress the scapula (inferior part)

Rotator Cuff Muscles

  • SIT+S: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
  • Function: stabilize the shoulder joint and keep the head of the humerus inside the glenoid cavity

Teres Major

  • Origin: posterior surface of scapula
  • Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle
  • Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
  • Function: adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm

Deltoid Muscle

  • Origin:
    • Anterior part: clavicle
    • Middle part: acromion
    • Posterior part: spine of scapula
  • Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • Innervation: axillary nerve
  • Function: abduction, flexion, and extension of the arm

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Description

Test your knowledge on the innervation, origin, and function of the Trapezius and Latissimus Dorsi muscles. This quiz is clinically oriented and based on the anatomy described in 'ANATOMY.Keith L.Moore, Arthur F.Dalley'.

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