Examen Final PATO - Patología I

Study Notes

Examen Final PATO - Patología I Notes

Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (SED): Mostly inherited through autosomal dominant transmission.
Autosomal Recessive Transmission: Anemia of sickle cells (drepanocytic anemia) follows this pattern.
Necrosis Fibrinoide: Characterized by the presence of immunoglobulins and complement in vessel walls.
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC): Involves systemic thrombin activation.
Atherosclerotic Plaque Localization: Most frequently observed in the abdominal aorta.
Necrosis Fibrinoide Causation: Mediated by type III hypersensitivity.
Granuloma in Empalizada: A histopathological lesion frequently observed in individuals with metacarpal and metatarsal joint deformities and subcutaneous nodules.
Thyroid-related Autoimmunity: In a 40-year-old female patient, presence of lymphocytes in all stages of maturation, including Hurtle cells, suggests a possible thyroid-related autoimmune condition. Elevated thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies are a key indicator.
Antigen-Presenting Cell (APC): A key cell – the B cell – is prominently located in germinal centers of the lymph nodes and spleen.
Tissue Factor (TF): A protein produced by the endothelium plays a crucial role in hemostasis.
Anergia: A state of prolonged functional inactivation of immune cells.
Mast Cell Mediators: The fundamental primary mediators involved are histamine and PAF (platelet activating factor).
Marfan Syndrome Characteristics: This condition is not characterized by the presence of aberrant TGF-beta activation, but is instead associated with a defect in collagen encoding.
Hyperacute Rejection: Immune response to organ transplant mediated by pre-existing antibodies directed at the donor antigens.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: An X-linked recessive genetic disorder.
Amyloid Detection: Congo red staining, exhibiting green birefringence, is crucial for amyloid detection using polarized light microscopy.
Antiplatelet Agent: Prostaglandin function as an anti platelet agent.
Granulomas in Empalizada: A hallmark feature of certain autoimmune conditions, such as granulomatous diseases.
DiGeorge Syndrome: A birth defect characterized by a thymus issue.
Endocarditis of Libman-Sacks: A characteristic finding in systemic lupus erythematosus, involving verrucous growths on heart valves and endocardial surfaces.
Amyloidosis-related Proteinaemia: Bence Jones proteins feature prominently in multiple myeloma.
Pernicious Anemia: Autoantibodies targeting parietal cells in the stomach are responsible for this condition.
Autoimmune Diseases: Diseases caused by the immune system's attack against the body's own tissues.
Hypersensitivity Type I: Mediated by IgE and mast cells response, commonly associated with allergic reaction to seafood.
Hypersensitivity Type III: Mediated by immune complexes and complement activation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other conditions.
Hypensitivity Type IV: T-cell-mediated response, typical of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and some chronic infections.
Renal Edema Causes: An increase in the glomerular filtration rate.
Sjogren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the lacrimal and salivary glands.
Turner Syndrome (45,X): A chromosomal disorder in females associated with a characteristic phenotype, including short stature.
Hyperlipidemia familial: Characterized by mutations in the LDL receptor gene.