Exam Review - HRT 3M1

Exam Review - HRT 3M1

• Exam Format:

  • Multiple Choice: 15 questions
  • True/False: 20 questions
  • Matching: 15 questions
  • Short Answer (2 x 10): 20 questions (covering major teachings of 4 Noble Truths, 5 Pillars of Islam, world religions importance)
  • Application Written Response (3 x 10): 30 questions (reviewing creationology, humanity, indigenous, connections to nature, sacredness of humanity, meditation, prayer)

• Specific Topics to Review:

  • Four stages of life in Hinduism
  • Mahatma Gandhi
  • Path of Devotion
  • Types of worship (Mosque, Church, etc.)
  • Festivals (e.g., Yam Cappour, Eid)
  • Founders (e.g., Sadutha Gojam, Muhammed)
  • Sacred Scriptures
  • Creation, humanity, and indigenous teachings
  • Indigenous connections to nature
  • Sacredness of humanity/Brahman
  • Meditation and mindfulness
  • Prayer and sacred land (Western Wall/Jerusalem, Hajj/Pilgrimage)
  • Indigenous religions replacing Christianity questions

Introduction to World Religions and Indigenous Spirituality

• Commonalities Among Religions:

  • Origin stories
  • Formation of faith communities
  • Creeds
  • Codes
  • Cults

• Places of Worship:

  • Christianity: churches, cathedrals
  • Islam: mosques
  • Judaism: synagogues
  • Hinduism: temples (mandirs)
  • Buddhism: temples, monasteries
  • Indigenous Traditions: nature as sacred space, sweat lodges, sacred circles

• Sacred Texts:

  • Christianity: Bible
  • Islam: Qur'an
  • Judaism: Torah, Talmud
  • Hinduism: Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad-Gita
  • Buddhism: Tripitaka (Pali Canon), Mahayana Sutras
  • Indigenous Traditions: oral stories, legends, teachings

• Dates of Origin:

  • Hinduism: ~2000 BCE
  • Judaism: ~1800 BCE
  • Buddhism: ~6th century BCE
  • Christianity: ~1st century CE
  • Islam: ~7th century CE
  • Indigenous Spirituality: Prehistoric

Founders/Leaders

• Hinduism: No single founder; based on ancient practices
• Judaism: Abraham and Moses
• Christianity: Jesus Christ
• Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha)
• Islam: Prophet Muhammad
• Indigenous Spirituality: Elders, shamans, spiritual leaders

Value of Studying World Religions

• Promotes tolerance, understanding, and respect.
• Encourages dialogue about ethical and moral issues.
• Fosters appreciation for common humanity across cultures.
• Deepens awareness of global history, art, and literature.

Spirit of God in All Religions

• Many traditions emphasize the universal presence of God/divine in all beings/things.

• Hinduism: Brahman pervades all existence

• Buddhism: Inner Buddha-nature in all beings

• Christianity: Holy Spirit within believers

• Indigenous: Spirit is inherent in nature, animals, and humans

Seven Grandfather Teachings

• A framework in Indigenous Spirituality focusing on values for living

• Wisdom, Love, Respect, Bravery, Honesty, Humility, Truth

Symbols and Values

• Christianity: Cross (sacrifice)
• Islam: Crescent and Star (faith and guidance)
• Judaism: Star of David (protection)
• Hinduism: Om (universal sound)
• Buddhism: Dharma wheel (teachings)
• Indigenous Traditions: Medicine wheel (balance, harmony)

Hinduism

• Brahman/Atman:
  • Brahman: Ultimate, unchanging reality/universal soul
  • Atman: Individual soul; unity with Brahman is ultimate goal
• Ahimsa: Principle of non-violence
• Mahatma Gandhi: Advocated non-violent resistance.
• Main Gods/Goddesses: Brahma (Creator), Vishnu (Preserver), Shiva (Destroyer)
• Caste System: Social hierarchy based on karma and dharma
• Upanishads, Vedas, Bhagavad-Gita
  • Vedas: Oldest sacred texts (hymns, rituals, philosophies)
  • Upanishads: Philosophical texts explaining Vedas and focusing on reality
  • Bhagavad Gita: Teachings on duty (dharma) part of Mahabharata

Buddhism

• The Four Sights: Old Man (aging), Sick Man (illness), Dead Body (death), Monk (peace)

• The Four Noble Truths: Life is suffering; suffering's cause is attachment/craving; ending desire ends suffering; the Eightfold Path leads to the end of suffering

• The Eightfold Path: Wisdom; Ethical Conduct; Meditation

• Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration

• Meditation (mindfulness and inner peace)

• Mandala: Intricate geometric design representing the universe

Judaism

• Festivals: Rosh Hashanah (New Year), Yom Kippur (Atonement), Sukkot (Feast of Tabernacles)

• Symbols: Star of David, Menorah, Chai

• Origins/History: Abraham, Exodus, First and Second Temples.

• Worship and Prayer: Synagogue; led by rabbi or cantor; daily prayers (morning, afternoon, evening).

• Shema: Central prayer for monotheism ("Hear, O Israel")

• Siddur: Jewish prayer book

• Exodus: Story of Moses leading Israelites from slavery, including the 10 Plagues

• Holocaust: Tragic event during WWII where 6 million Jewish people were murdered

Christianity

• Constantine: Roman emperor who legalized Christianity
• Great Schism: Split between Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches
• Protestant Reformation: Led by Martin Luther, movement opposing Church abuses
• Branches (e.g., Presbyterian, Baptist, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Anglican, etc.)
• Ecumenism: Effort to promote unity between Christian denominations

Islam (UNIT FOUR)

• Shahada: Declaration of faith ("There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God")
• Muhammad: Seal of the prophets; received the first revelation of the Qur'an
• Mecca and Medina: Holiest cities; birthplace of Muhammad and first Muslim community
• Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the Five Pillars
• Five Pillars: Shahada, Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), Hajj (pilgrimage)
• Hijab: Head covering for modesty, reflecting haya (modesty)
• Qur'an: Holy book; believed to be the literal word of Allah
• Allah: Absolute, eternal, and compassionate God in Islam
• Kaaba: Sacred structure in Mecca, believed to have been built by Abraham

Prepare for your HRT 3M1 exam with this comprehensive review quiz. Covering major teachings like the Four Noble Truths and the 5 Pillars of Islam, this quiz tests your knowledge on various world religions and their significance. Enhance your understanding of sacred texts, festivals, and the importance of humanity in different spiritual traditions.