10 Questions
What is the primary mechanism by which photoreceptors become hyperpolarized in the dark?
The presence of cGMP, which keeps ion channels open for Na+ and Ca2+ influx
What initiates the process of photoreceptor hyperpolarization when light hits the retina?
The activation of rhodopsin, which triggers cGMP to leave the ion channel gate
What is the primary consequence of ion channel closure in photoreceptors during light exposure?
Na+ and Ca2+ can no longer flow in, but K+ can flow out, causing hyperpolarization
What is the function of the optic nerve in visual processing?
To transmit visual signals from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
What is the primary role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?
To relay visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex with minimal processing
What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex (V1/Brodmann's area 17)?
To receive and process basic visual information from the retinas, forming the foundation of conscious perception
Which of the following is NOT a correct step in the visual processing pathway?
Retina -> Optic nerve -> Superior colliculus -> Primary visual cortex
Which of the following statements about the optic chiasm is INCORRECT?
It integrates visual information from both eyes before sending it to the visual cortex
Which of the following statements about photoreceptor hyperpolarization is CORRECT?
It represents a decrease in the electrical potential across the photoreceptor membrane
What is the primary function of the retina in visual processing?
To convert light energy into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain
Prepare for Exam 2 by reviewing concepts related to synaptic plasticity and sensory transduction. This study guide emphasizes understanding processes and applying knowledge rather than simple memorization of terms. Be ready to demonstrate your comprehension of the material!
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