Exam 2 Study Guide: Synaptic Plasticity and Sensory Transduction
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Exam 2 Study Guide: Synaptic Plasticity and Sensory Transduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which photoreceptors become hyperpolarized in the dark?

  • The activation of a sodium-potassium pump, expelling Na+ ions
  • The closure of Na+ and Ca2+ channels, allowing K+ to flow out
  • The presence of cGMP, which keeps ion channels open for Na+ and Ca2+ influx (correct)
  • The opening of Cl- channels, allowing negative ions to enter

    • What initiates the process of photoreceptor hyperpolarization when light hits the retina?

  • The depolarization of neighboring bipolar cells, which inhibits the photoreceptors
  • The activation of rhodopsin, which triggers cGMP to leave the ion channel gate (correct)
  • The direct closure of Na+ and Ca2+ channels by the incoming photons
  • The release of a neurotransmitter that binds to and closes ion channels

    • What is the primary consequence of ion channel closure in photoreceptors during light exposure?

  • Na+ and Ca2+ can no longer flow in, but K+ can flow out, causing hyperpolarization (correct)
  • The photoreceptor becomes completely impermeable to all ions, resulting in no change in membrane potential
  • Cl- ions begin to flow out, causing depolarization of the photoreceptor
  • The sodium-potassium pump is activated, expelling Na+ and allowing K+ influx

    • What is the function of the optic nerve in visual processing?

    <p>To transmit visual signals from the retina to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in visual processing?

    <p>To relay visual information from the retina to the primary visual cortex with minimal processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the primary visual cortex (V1/Brodmann's area 17)?

    <p>To receive and process basic visual information from the retinas, forming the foundation of conscious perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a correct step in the visual processing pathway?

    <p>Retina -&gt; Optic nerve -&gt; Superior colliculus -&gt; Primary visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the optic chiasm is INCORRECT?

    <p>It integrates visual information from both eyes before sending it to the visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about photoreceptor hyperpolarization is CORRECT?

    <p>It represents a decrease in the electrical potential across the photoreceptor membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the retina in visual processing?

    <p>To convert light energy into electrical signals that can be processed by the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

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