Evolutionary Theory Matching Quiz

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Match the scientist with their contributions to evolutionary theory:

Cuvier = Developed the science of paleontology Lyell = Proposed uniformitarianism Lamarck = Created line of descent theories Darwin = Incorporated survival of the fittest

Match the type of natural selection with its description:

Stabilizing Selection = Favours intermediate variations Directional Selection = Favors one extreme phenotype Disruptive Selection = Favours extreme phenotypes over intermediates Sexual Selection = Favors traits that enhance mating success

Match the mechanisms of evolution with their definitions:

Natural Selection = Change in allele frequencies due to survival advantages Genetic Mutation = Spontaneous changes in DNA that create new alleles Gene Flow = Movement of alleles between populations Genetic Drift = Random changes in allele frequencies in small populations

Match the discovery with the corresponding individual:

Mary Anning = First remains of a plesiosaur Malthus = Influenced Darwin with ideas on survival Wallace = Independently discovered evolution Cuvier = Proposed catastrophism theory Signup and view all the answers

Match the evolutionary concept with its appropriate feature:

Line of Descent = Arranged species by similarities and differences Survival of the Fittest = Mechanism for change observed in populations Fossils = Preserved remains of once-living organisms Biodiversity = Observed variation in species on different islands Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of fossil study with its respective characteristic:

Strata analysis = Studying rock layers to understand life history Paleontology = Study of ancient life through fossils Fossilization = Process of preserving biological remains Catastrophism = Theory explaining mass extinction events Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organisms with their significant trait adaptations:

Darwin's Finches = Beak shape adapted to food sources Plesiosaur = Aquatic reptile discovery by Anning Galapagos Tortoises = Shell shape varies by island Peppered Moth = Color adaptation based on environment Signup and view all the answers

Match the environmental factor with its effect on evolution:

Food Availability = Drive beak shape diversity in finches Habitat destruction = Cause of species extinction Climate change = Influence genetic drift and selection Predation pressure = Shapes traits through natural selection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Variation = Any genetic differences between individuals in a population Adaptation = A genetic difference that helps an organism survive and reproduce Microevolution = Changes on a small scale within one species Macroevolution = Changes on a large scale involving more than one species Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of adaptations with their examples:

Structural adaptation = Physical features like a snake's rattle Behavioural adaptation = The way a fox snake vibrates its tail Physiological adaptation = Using the environment to maintain body temperature None = An example of adaptation not defined in the options Signup and view all the answers

Match the following species with their relatedness based on DNA sequences:

Dogs = Related to bears Humans = Related to chimpanzees Lice = Related to humans' loss of body hair Guppies = Experimented on by John Endler Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of selection with their descriptions:

Sexual selection = Females favor colorful males for breeding Natural selection = Predators target bright individuals Artificial selection = Humans selecting favorable traits Environmental selection = Changes in population traits due to predators Signup and view all the answers

Match the evolutionary processes with their scales:

Microevolution = Involves genetic changes within a single species Macroevolution = Involves genetic changes across multiple species Artificial selection = Humans influence the traits of organisms Natural selection = Species adapt to survive in their environments Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of respiration with their descriptions:

External Respiration = Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood Internal Respiration = Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissues and blood Inhalation = Process of moving oxygen-rich air into the lungs Exhalation = Process of moving carbon dioxide-rich air away from the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Match the following evidence of evolution with their examples:

Mitochondrial DNA = Tracks maternal lineage DNA sequence similarity = Indicates species relatedness Guppie experiment = Shows sexual and environmental selection Lice evolution = Reflects human changes over time Signup and view all the answers

Match the following respiratory muscles with their roles in ventilation:

Diaphragm = Contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity during inhalation External Intercostal = Contracts to pull the rib cage up and out during inhalation Internal Intercostal = Contracts to pull the rib cage down and in during exhalation Lung Volume Change = Result of diaphragm and intercostal muscle contractions during ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of adaptations with their characteristics:

Structural = Physical features of organisms Behavioural = Actions or patterns of organisms Physiological = Internal mechanisms for survival Compiled = A blend of the previous adaptations Signup and view all the answers

Match the researchers with their contributions to evolutionary studies:

John Endler = Guppie color trial experiment Charles Darwin = Principles of natural selection Gregor Mendel = Foundations of genetics Thomas Malthus = Influence on population concepts in evolution Signup and view all the answers

Match the following gas exchange mechanisms with their locations:

Lungs = Site of external respiration where gas exchange occurs with blood Tissues = Site of internal respiration where gas exchange occurs with cells Red Blood Cells = Transport oxygen from lungs to tissues Air = Source of oxygen diffusing into red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of breathing with their effects on thoracic pressure:

Inhalation = Decreases pressure in the thoracic cavity Exhalation = Increases pressure in the thoracic cavity Diaphragm Relaxation = Contributes to the pressure increase during exhalation Intercostal Muscle Contraction = Facilitates rib cage movement during inhalation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to gas diffusion with their characteristics:

Diffusion = Gas moves from high concentration to low concentration Oxygen Transport = Movement from red blood cells to tissues Carbon Dioxide Transport = Movement from tissues to red blood cells Gas Exchange = Occurs in both lungs and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Match the stages of the digestive system with their definitions:

Ingestion = Taking in or eating food Digestion = Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical processes Absorption = Transportation of digestion products into the circulatory system Egestion = Removal of undigested solid waste from the body Signup and view all the answers

Match the feeding mechanisms with their examples:

Filter feeders = Tube sponge Fluid feeders = Butterfly Substrate feeders = Caterpillars Bulk feeders = Humans Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of herbivores and carnivores with their digestive traits:

Herbivores = Ingest more plant material than carnivores Carnivores = Shorter digestive tracts Cecum = Contains bacteria for breaking down plant materials Signup and view all the answers

Match the digestive organs with their functions:

Mouth = Mechanical digestion begins here Stomach = Chemical digestion occurs with enzymes Small intestine = Primary site of absorption Large intestine = Egestion and absorption of water Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions of mechanical and chemical digestion to their processes:

Mechanical digestion = Occurs before chemical digestion Chemical digestion = Makes food particles absorbable for cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to digestion with their processes:

Ingestion = Entry of food into the digestive system Absorption = Nutrients move into the bloodstream Egestion = Elimination of waste from the body Digestion = Transformation of food into usable molecules Signup and view all the answers

Match the feeding mechanism with the corresponding actions:

Filter feeders = Use structures to funnel food from water Fluid feeders = Suck or lick nutrient-rich fluids Substrate feeders = Consume food while living in it Bulk feeders = Ingest large quantities of food Signup and view all the answers

Match the plant groups with their main characteristics:

Non-Vascular = Reproduce asexually by sending out spores from stalks Seedless Vascular = First plant life on land Gymnosperms = Reproduce sexually using seeds Angiosperms = Grow and develop seeds enclosed in fruit Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of protists with their feeding methods:

Animal-like Protists = Consume other organisms for food Fungi-like Protists = Absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms Plant-like Protists = Make their own food by photosynthesis Protozoans = Some are parasites Signup and view all the answers

Match the protist types with their examples:

Flagellates = Have one or more flagella to move Ciliates = Short, hair-like projections allow cell movement Slime moulds = Absorb nutrients from organic matter Euglenoids = Plant & animal like characteristics with eyespot Signup and view all the answers

Match the characteristics of the groups of plants with their examples:

Non-Vascular = Mosses and mosslike plants Seedless Vascular = Ferns and their relatives Gymnosperms = Coniferous trees Angiosperms = Flowering plants and shedding trees Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of reproduction with the groups of protists:

Animal-like Protists = Asexual and sexual methods Fungi-like Protists = Some are parasites Plant-like Protists = Photosynthesis Protozoans = Consume other organisms Signup and view all the answers

Match the methods of reproduction in plants with their corresponding groups:

Non-Vascular = Asexually through spores Seedless Vascular = Asexually through airborne spores Gymnosperms = Sexually using seeds Angiosperms = Sexually with seeds in fruit Signup and view all the answers

Match the cellular types with their respective characteristics in protists:

Eukaryotic = Most are unicellular Unicellular = Some are multicellular Autotrophs = Make their own food Heterotrophs = Consume other organisms for food Signup and view all the answers

Match the component of protists with their function:

Cell Wall = Cellulose in some Autotrophs = Photosynthesis Heterotrophs = Absorb nutrients Flagella = Whip side to side for movement Signup and view all the answers

Match the heart sounds with the corresponding stages of the cardiac cycle:

Lubb = Systole Dubb = Diastole Systole = Ventricles contract Diastole = Atria relax Signup and view all the answers

Match the components of ECG with their descriptions:

P-wave = Atrial contraction QRS complex = Ventricles contract T-wave = Ventricles relax SA node = Initial electrical impulse in heart Signup and view all the answers

Match the circulatory disorders with their main symptoms:

Atherosclerosis = Chest pain and shortness of breath Leukemia = Fatigue and crowding of red blood cells Hemophilia = Excessive bleeding and large bruises Congenital Heart Defect = Defects present since birth Signup and view all the answers

Match the treatments with the corresponding circulatory disorders:

Atherosclerosis = Angioplasty and lifestyle changes Leukemia = Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant Hemophilia = Injection of clotting proteins Congenital Heart Defect = Surgery to repair defects Signup and view all the answers

Match the diagnostic tools with the conditions they diagnose:

Angiography = Atherosclerosis Cardiac Catheterization = Congenital Heart Defect ECG = Heart's electrical activity Blood tests = Assess white blood cell count in Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

Match the blood disorders with their primary causes:

Atherosclerosis = Plaque build up in arteries Leukemia = Genetic and environmental factors Hemophilia = Genetic trait affecting clotting Congenital Heart Defect = Genetic or environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Match the heart conditions with their diagnostic procedures:

Atherosclerosis = Angiography Congenital Heart Defect = Cardiac Catheterization Leukemia = Blood tests Hemophilia = Clotting factor tests Signup and view all the answers

Match the following heart valve actions with the corresponding state of the heart:

Atrioventricular valves = Open during diastole Semilunar valves = Close during T-wave Ventricles = Contract during systole Atria = Relax during systole Signup and view all the answers

Uniformitarianism

The idea that Earth's changes occur gradually over long periods, and similar slow changes happen in species populations.

Fossils

The preservation of remains or traces of ancient organisms, often found in rock layers.

Catastrophism

The theory that catastrophic events, like floods or volcanic eruptions, caused mass extinctions and reshaped Earth's environment.

Natural Selection

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully.