Biology Concepts and Evolutionary Theory

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Questions and Answers

What does the principle of uniformitarianism imply about the Earth?

The processes shaping the Earth now are different from those in the past.

Changes in the Earth's surface are due to catastrophic events.

The Earth is static and unchanging.

The Earth is older than a few thousand years. (correct)

What impact did Malthus' ideas have on evolutionary thought?

They focused solely on the role of climate in species development.

They introduced the concept of artificial selection.

They highlighted competition for resources as a driver for population dynamics. (correct)

They emphasized the importance of genetic variation.

Which observation did Darwin make that influenced his ideas about species variation?

Climate similarities did not affect species differences.

Species in the Galapagos Islands were identical to those in Europe.

There were 13 distinct finch species on the Galapagos Islands. (correct)

Species patterns were consistent globally.

What key concept did Wallace contribute to evolutionary theory?

Species patterns and distributions may indicate common ancestry despite separation. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the principles of natural selection?

Heritable variation is essential for selective pressures to act. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic living unit of all organisms?

Cell (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell is characterized by the absence of a nucleus?

Prokaryotic cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What process involves combining genetic information from two parents?

Sexual reproduction (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do plants typically reproduce using pollen?

By attracting insects to transfer pollen (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic involves an organism responding to its environment?

Response to stimuli (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is responsible for gas exchange?

Respiratory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organs is part of the urinary system?

Kidneys (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system controls other organs via electrical stimuli?

Nervous (A) Signup and view all the answers

The major organs in the integumentary system include which of the following?

Skin and hair (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the lymphatic system?

Fight infection (C) Signup and view all the answers

Humans are classified under which domain of life?

Eukaryota (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the digestive system?

Digesting food and absorbing nutrients (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the reproductive system?

Thymus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is mainly responsible for movement?

Muscular (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest level of classification in biological taxonomy?

Domain (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following domains contains prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following kingdoms is classified under the domain Eukarya?

Fungi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the scientific method of confirming theories through observation?

Empirical (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct format for writing a scientific name using binomial nomenclature?

Genus capitalized, Species lowercase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does antibiotic resistance in bacteria demonstrate over time?

A gradual increase in resistance to antibiotics (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do homologous structures imply about different species?

They share a common ancestor (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does genetic homology reveal among species?

Shared ancestry based on DNA similarities (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is allopatric speciation?

Isolation of a population leading to divergence (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a vestigial structure?

A structure that is present but no longer functional (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

The survival of individuals due to favorable adaptations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role does genetic drift play in evolution?

It causes random changes in gene frequencies, mainly in small populations (A) Signup and view all the answers

What could be a barrier to breeding between species?

Cues that trigger mating occurring at different times (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body when temperature drops below normal?

Body shivers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which process do plants use to convert $CO_2$ and water into glucose?

Photosynthesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of burning fossil fuels on the carbon cycle?

Release of $CO_2$ into the atmosphere (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about animal respiration is correct?

Animals produce $CO_2$ and energy from organic molecules (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a recent observation in the trend of global average temperature?

It has been gradually increasing since 1970 (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does photosynthesis affect atmospheric carbon dioxide levels during summer?

It causes a decrease in $CO_2$ concentration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do fossilized organisms play in the carbon cycle?

They can form fossil fuels which release $CO_2$ when burned (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration?

Burning fossil fuels (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organ Systems of the Human Body

Respiratory System: Lungs, trachea, nose, pharynx, and throat. Function: gas exchange.
Nervous System: Brain and spinal cord. Function: controls other organs via electrical stimuli.
Skeletal System: Bones, cartilage, joints, and muscles. Function: support and protection.
Urinary System: Bladder, kidney, and ureter. Function: water balance and remove waste.
Muscular System: Deltoid, femur, and bicep. Function: movement.
Cardiovascular System: Heart, arteries, and veins. Function: transport.
Lymphatic System: Lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen. Function: fight infection.
Integumentary System: Skin, hair, nails, and sensory nerves. Function: protection, thermoregulation.
Reproductive System: Gonads and external genitalia. Function: babies.
Endocrine System: Pancreas, thyroid, and hypothalamus. Function: controls other organs via hormones.
Digestive System: Esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine. Function: digest food and absorb nutrients.

Domains of Life

Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea are the three domains of life.
Escherichia coli belongs to the Eukarya domain.
Microbes living in the salt flats outside Salt Lake City belong to the Archaea domain.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of biology and evolutionary theory, including uniformitarianism, natural selection, and cell types. This quiz covers important figures like Darwin and Wallace, as well as fundamental biological processes and systems. Assess your understanding of these essential topics in the study of life sciences.