Evolutionary Theories: Lamarck and Spencer
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Questions and Answers

What principle did Spencer use to explain how associations are formed?

  • The principle of continuity (correct)
  • The principle of contiguity
  • The principle of temporal proximity
  • The principle of simultaneity
  • What did Spencer call the observation that behaviors conducive to survival are more likely to happen and those that cause pain will be avoided?

  • The Law of Effect
  • The Survival Instinct
  • The Principle of Reinforcement
  • The Spencer-Bain Principle (correct)
  • What did Spencer claim about the inheritance of associations?

  • Associations were acquired through environmental exposure
  • Associations were inherited through genetic transmission
  • Associations were a result of natural selection and survival of the fittest
  • Associations were a blend of empiricism, associationism, and nativism (correct)
  • What did Spencer and Darwin disagree on regarding the concept of evolution?

    <p>Spencer believed evolution had a purpose, while Darwin did not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Spencer's view on the role of government in the context of Social Darwinism?

    <p>He believed in a laissez-faire government to allow the survival of the fittest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution did Spencer make to the history of psychology through his textbook?

    <p>His textbook popularized positive science and utilitarian ethics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lamarck believe was responsible for the structural changes in plants and animals?

    <p>Environmental changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lamarck call the idea that acquired characteristics could be inherited?

    <p>Inheritance of acquired traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Spencer believe about the human nervous system?

    <p>It was simple and has become more complex over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Spencer believe was the key factor that determines an animal's intelligence?

    <p>The number of associations it can make</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which philosopher's system of logic inspired Spencer's views on evolution?

    <p>John Stuart Mill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Spencer's professional background before becoming interested in psychology and evolution?

    <p>He worked in the railroad industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

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