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Evolutionary Theories: Lamarck and Spencer

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Evolutionary Theories: Lamarck and Spencer

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Questions and Answers

What principle did Spencer use to explain how associations are formed?

The principle of continuity (correct)

The principle of contiguity

The principle of temporal proximity

The principle of simultaneity

What did Spencer call the observation that behaviors conducive to survival are more likely to happen and those that cause pain will be avoided?

The Law of Effect

The Survival Instinct

The Principle of Reinforcement

The Spencer-Bain Principle (correct)

What did Spencer claim about the inheritance of associations?

Associations were acquired through environmental exposure

Associations were inherited through genetic transmission

Associations were a result of natural selection and survival of the fittest

Associations were a blend of empiricism, associationism, and nativism (correct)

What did Spencer and Darwin disagree on regarding the concept of evolution?

Spencer believed evolution had a purpose, while Darwin did not Signup and view all the answers

What was Spencer's view on the role of government in the context of Social Darwinism?

He believed in a laissez-faire government to allow the survival of the fittest Signup and view all the answers

What contribution did Spencer make to the history of psychology through his textbook?

His textbook popularized positive science and utilitarian ethics Signup and view all the answers

What did Lamarck believe was responsible for the structural changes in plants and animals?

Environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

What did Lamarck call the idea that acquired characteristics could be inherited?

Inheritance of acquired traits Signup and view all the answers

What did Spencer believe about the human nervous system?

It was simple and has become more complex over time Signup and view all the answers

What did Spencer believe was the key factor that determines an animal's intelligence?

The number of associations it can make Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher's system of logic inspired Spencer's views on evolution?

John Stuart Mill Signup and view all the answers

What was Spencer's professional background before becoming interested in psychology and evolution?

He worked in the railroad industry Signup and view all the answers