Evolutionary Theories and Indigenous Knowledge Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the probability of having a son with Menkes disease, given that a woman is a carrier and her partner does not have the disease?

  • 75%
  • 25%
  • 100%
  • 50% (correct)

What perspective does the text suggest should be acknowledged to have a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary theories?

  • Both European and non-European perspectives (correct)
  • Only the contributions of non-European scientists
  • Solely European perspectives
  • Only the perspectives of indigenous peoples

What did the Indigenous elder ask scientists who were going to study wolves in British Columbia?

  • What kind of wolves will be studied? (correct)
  • What will you do with the information?
  • How will the information benefit Indigenous communities?
  • Why are you studying the wolves?

What does the text imply about the historical representation of the theory of evolution?

<p>It has been biased towards a specific cultural perspective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is a potential consequence of misrepresenting ideas in evolutionary theory?

<p>It can perpetuate social hierarchies and inequalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do wolves on the islands of the B.C coast differ from those on the mainland, according to the text?

<p>They have a different diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about Indigenous knowledge systems?

<p>They offer unique and valuable insights into evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument of the text?

<p>A more comprehensive understanding of evolution requires acknowledging diverse perspectives, including Indigenous ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of archaebacteria?

<p>They have the same chemical makeup as eubacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes eubacteria from archaebacteria?

<p>Eubacteria have a different chemical makeup than archaebacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom is often referred to as the 'odds and ends' kingdom due to the diverse nature of its organisms?

<p>Protists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of protists?

<p>They are all unicellular. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

<p>Autotrophs obtain energy from the sun, while heterotrophs obtain energy from other organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a multicellular heterotroph?

<p>Human (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?

<p>Sexual reproduction involves two parents, while asexual reproduction involves only one. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is NOT classified as a prokaryote?

<p>Fungi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of genetic variation during meiosis?

<p>Crossing over (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present at the start of Meiosis II after the completion of Meiosis I?

<p>23 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes when homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis?

<p>Aneuploidy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced at the end of meiosis in males?

<p>Four spermatids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about egg cell production during meiosis is true?

<p>One large cell (secondary oocyte) receives most of the cytoplasm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of possible combinations of chromosomes due to random assortment in meiosis?

<p>8,388,608 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT true about Archaea?

<p>They reproduce sexually. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate?

<p>Metaphase I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cellular structures are formed at the end of Telophase II?

<p>Four haploid cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Plantae from Fungi?

<p>Plantae have chlorophyll, while Fungi do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In creating a dichotomous key, what is a critical guideline to follow?

<p>Phrase statements in definitive and contrasting manners. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a phylogenetic tree?

<p>To depict the evolutionary relationships between different species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the classification of species is accurate?

<p>Darwin suggested species branch from common ancestors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organisms are classified as eukaryotic and multicellular?

<p>Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the study of phylogeny?

<p>The evolutionary relatedness between species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many steps should a dichotomous key have if organizing 6 organisms?

<p>5 steps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key finding that supports the theory of evolution?

<p>The scientific method has been used to prove that God created the world. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did scientists' understanding of wolves in the Canadian Arctic change?

<p>Scientists originally believed in only one wolf species, but genetic testing revealed two distinct groups. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the central idea of Lamarck's first principle of evolution?

<p>Individuals inherit traits that their parents acquired through use or disuse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these individuals contributed to the understanding of evolution by studying animal body structures and their functions?

<p>Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the initial belief that only one kind of wolf crossed freely between the islands and the mainland?

<p>Limited scientific research on the topic before the indigenous knowledge became available. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what does the term 'vestigial organs' refer to?

<p>Organs that are present in an organism but serve no apparent purpose, suggesting prior adaptations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a mechanism of evolution?

<p>Adaptive Radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic drift differ from natural selection?

<p>Genetic drift doesn't depend on an allele's effects on survival and reproduction; natural selection does. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary evidence from DNA that supports evolution?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of vestigial features in understanding evolution?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did Darwin's observations of competition within populations lead to his theory of evolution?

<p>He observed that more offspring are produced than can survive, leading him to believe that certain traits must be favored. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Darwin's observations of DNA in understanding evolution?

<p>It allowed him to compare the DNA of different species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a key observation that led Darwin to his theory of evolution by natural selection?

<p>These variations are influenced by environmental factors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the statement 'Evolution takes place through mechanisms that drive a change in the allele frequencies in a population over time'?

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Six Kingdoms

Organisms are grouped based on cell type, food production method, and number of cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Organisms that have no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, and DNA in a circular shape.

Eukaryotic Cells

Organisms that have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and DNA in chromosomes.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food, like plants.

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Heterotrophs

Organisms that obtain food from other sources, like animals.

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Unicellular

Organisms made up of only one cell.

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Multicellular

Organisms made up of many cells, each with specialized functions.

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Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction requiring two parents, male and female.

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Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction requiring only one parent.

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Dichotomous Key

A method of classifying organisms using a series of paired statements, leading to the identification of the organism.

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Phylogeny

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.

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Phylogenetic Tree

A diagram representing the evolutionary relationships among different species or groups.

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Common Ancestor

The common ancestor of two species is found at the branching point where their lineages diverge on a phylogenetic tree.

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Closely Related Species

Species that are more closely related share a more recent common ancestor than species that are more distantly related.

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Prokaryote

Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles, like bacteria.

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Meiosis

The process where a diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid gametes.

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Homologous Chromosomes

Pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same genes but may have different alleles.

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Crossing Over

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

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Random Assortment

The random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes at the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis.

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Nondisjunction

Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the gametes.

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Trisomy

Having an extra copy of one chromosome (e.g., Trisomy 21, Down Syndrome).

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Monosomy

Having only one copy of a chromosome instead of a homologous pair (e.g., Turner Syndrome).

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Duplications or Deletions

Incorrect exchange of genetic information between chromosomes during crossing over, leading to altered gene sequences.

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Evolution

The study of how living things have changed over time.

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Creationism

The idea that the Earth and all living things were created by God in their current form.

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Theory of Evolution

A scientific theory that explains how life on Earth has changed over time through natural selection.

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Natural Selection

The process by which organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their favorable traits.

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Vestigial Organs

Features or structures that have no apparent function in an organism. They are often leftover traits from ancestors.

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Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon

A French scientist who studied animal body structures and proposed that species had changed over time, but couldn't explain how.

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Use and Disuse

One of Lamarck's two principles of evolution. It states that the use or disuse of a structure leads to its development or diminishment.

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Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

One of Lamarck's principles of evolution. It states that acquired traits, those developed during an organism's lifetime due to use or disuse, can be passed on to offspring.

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Eurocentric Lens in Evolution

The theory of evolution has historically been dominated by European perspectives, often used to justify social hierarchies and inequalities.

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Indigenous Ways of Knowing

Scientists are increasingly recognizing the value of Indigenous knowledge in understanding evolution, appreciating their long-standing observations of nature.

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Environmental Influence on Evolution

Evolutionary adaptations are influenced by the environment. Wolves in different regions of B.C. have developed distinct hunting strategies based on food availability.

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Moving Beyond Eurocentrism

The study of evolution is undergoing a shift, acknowledging the contributions and perspectives of various cultures, beyond a solely Eurocentric lens.

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Role of Indigenous Elders

Indigenous elders play a vital role in guiding scientific research, ensuring that knowledge is respectfully acquired and shared.

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Indigenous Practices and Evolution

Indigenous communities engage in practices like selective breeding and careful observation of environmental changes, demonstrating long-held knowledge of evolution.

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Indigenous Selective Breeding

Selective breeding, a key aspect of agricultural practices, has been used by indigenous communities for generations to enhance desirable traits in plants and animals.

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Indigenous Respect for Biodiversity

Indigenous communities often have a deep respect for biodiversity, recognizing its importance for the environment and their own well-being.

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Vestigial Features

A trait that is no longer useful in the species but might have been useful in a common ancestor.

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Homologous Features

Having similar structures but different functions in different species, suggesting a common ancestor.

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Competition within Populations

Darwin observed that organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support, leading to competition for resources.

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Genetic Drift

A change in allele frequencies in a population due to random chance, not natural selection.

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DNA Similarity

Comparing DNA sequences between species to understand evolutionary relationships.

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Mechanisms of Evolution

Changes in the genetic material of a population over time, driven by mechanisms like natural selection and genetic drift.

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