Evolutionary Psychology Insights
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Questions and Answers

What term is suggested to reflect a deeper understanding of 'knowledge' in the context provided?

  • Shared knowledge (correct)
  • Individual knowledge
  • Abstract knowledge
  • Intuitive knowledge

    • Shared language is independent of shared knowledge.

    False

    What evolutionary advantage did human tribes have over other creatures according to the content?

    The ability to share knowledge and coordinate through language.

    The extinction of many megafaunal species coincided with the arrival of humans on _____ continents.

    <p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their significance:

    <p>Shared Knowledge = Facilitates communication Tribal Festivals = Promoted cooperation Cumulative Tribal Knowledge = Brought about through schooling Language = Means of coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one consequence of humans arriving in Australia around 60,000 years ago?

    <p>Extinction of large animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The passage suggests that humans brought down large vertebrate species primarily through berry-picking.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the evolutionary psychologist mentioned in the content?

    <p>Joseph Henrich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What model describes the mental processes involved in text comprehension?

    <p>Construction-Integration Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Background knowledge is irrelevant to deep understanding of a text.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mental representation created by readers after integrating text information with background knowledge?

    <p>Situation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Readers need knowledge of __________ rules and text structure to facilitate comprehension.

    <p>syntactic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Text-base model = Represents what the text says Propositions = Sentence representations Situation model = Dynamically constructed mental representation Working memory = Temporary storage of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are propositions in the context of reading comprehension?

    <p>Sentence representations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sufficiently automated basic reading processes are necessary for constructing a mental model.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a reader's pre-existing knowledge and experiences that affect comprehension?

    <p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for readers to automate the letter-sound translation process?

    <p>Extensive practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vocabulary breadth refers to the variety of words known by a reader.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of words must a reader know to understand a text at a general level?

    <p>95 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deep vocabulary knowledge includes knowing the meanings of words' semantics, structure's _______, spelling, and use.

    <p>morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vocabulary aspects with their definitions:

    <p>Vocabulary breadth = Knowing many words Vocabulary depth = Having strong connections between words Semantics = Knowing the meanings of words Morphology = Understanding the structure of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if vocabulary coverage drops to 80 percent?

    <p>Readers can only understand the overall gist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Readers need to know only one unknown word for every 50 known words to comprehend a text.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between working memory demands and reading fluency?

    <p>As reading becomes faster and easier, working memory demands are reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What becomes increasingly automatic as students progress toward fluency?

    <p>Word recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial demand on students’ working memories remains constant while reading as they become more fluent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does background knowledge play in reading comprehension?

    <p>It plays a particularly important role in deep reading comprehension at various text levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Letters and _____ are essential for learning how to decode text in alphabetic languages.

    <p>phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Letter Knowledge = Ability to distinguish one letter from another Phonemic Awareness = Hearing individual speech sounds Alphabetic Principle = Mapping between letters and speech sounds Fluency = Automatic recognition of words while reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a requirement for learning how to decode text?

    <p>Mathematical reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Word-specific knowledge is the same as phonemic awareness.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important component of initial reading instruction?

    <p>Effectively teaching letters and awareness of individual speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a crucial part of building background knowledge?

    <p>Developing knowledge networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disadvantaged students typically receive the same exposure to vocabulary and content knowledge as advantaged students.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect describes the phenomenon where more advantaged students improve their language skills more rapidly due to outside exposure?

    <p>Matthew effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Students transitioning from ‘learning to read’ to ‘reading to ________’ face challenges in background knowledge.

    <p>learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their relevance to reading comprehension:

    <p>Background Knowledge = Critical for understanding text Fluency Skills = Necessary for reading speed Expository Texts = Build on knowledge of specific topics Cognitive Skills = Important for critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that affects reading comprehension?

    <p>Graphic organizing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive psychology research confirms that systematic knowledge building benefits all students.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do challenging expository texts require from readers?

    <p>Sufficient background knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does disciplinary knowledge provide to learners?

    <p>Dependable interpretations and insights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Young advocates that if better knowledge exists, it should only be accessible to the elite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should powerful knowledge help us strive towards?

    <p>A more desirable future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disciplinary knowledge in the academic disciplines must be translated by __________.

    <p>expert teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE about powerful knowledge?

    <p>It changes as disciplinary knowledge evolves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the term with its description:

    <p>Disciplinary knowledge = Knowledge shaped by specific academic standards Powerful knowledge = Knowledge that promotes equal opportunities Expert teachers = Individuals who translate disciplinary knowledge Democratic values = Principles ensuring governance by the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What counts as powerful knowledge in subjects like history is agreed upon universally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a democratic society, one responsibility is deciding what __________ should know.

    <p>children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    SpringerBriefs in Education

    • A new product type combining elements of journals and books
    • Concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications in education
    • Volumes range from 50 to 125 pages, minimizing time investment
    • Available as part of Springer's eBook Collection; also available for individual print and electronic purchase
    • Covers various educational fields (e.g., science education, higher education, educational psychology, assessment & evaluation, etc.)
    • Provides an outlet for introductions to educational fields, reports on state-of-the-art analytical techniques, core educational concepts, testing/evaluation methods, snapshots of emerging topics/policy changes, in-depth case studies, literature reviews, and reports/reviews of surveys.
    • Solicited and unsolicited manuscripts are considered for publication
    • Brief Author Proposal form is for authors to submit Briefs

    Book Details

    • Book title: Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking
    • Book subtitle: The Knowledge Revival
    • Authors: Tim Surma, Claudio Vanhees, Michiel Wils, Jasper Nijlunsing, Nuno Crato, John Hattie, Daniel Muijs, Elizabeth Rata, Dylan Wiliam, Paul A. Kirschner
    • Publisher: Springer
    • ISBN: 978-3-031-74660-4 (print), 978-3-031-74661-1 (eBook)

    Open Access License

    • Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
    • Allows use, sharing, and adaptation, but requires attribution

    Author Affiliations

    • (A list of authors and their institutions is present)

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    Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking: The Knowledge Revival (PDF)

    Description

    Explore key concepts in evolutionary psychology and the significance of knowledge in understanding human behavior. This quiz delves into human evolution, particularly regarding megafaunal extinction and the impact of early human tribes. Test your grasp of theories and models related to text comprehension and cognitive processes.

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