Evolutionary Psychology Insights
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Questions and Answers

What term is suggested to reflect a deeper understanding of 'knowledge' in the context provided?

  • Shared knowledge (correct)
  • Individual knowledge
  • Abstract knowledge
  • Intuitive knowledge

Shared language is independent of shared knowledge.

False (B)

What evolutionary advantage did human tribes have over other creatures according to the content?

The ability to share knowledge and coordinate through language.

The extinction of many megafaunal species coincided with the arrival of humans on _____ continents.

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their significance:

<p>Shared Knowledge = Facilitates communication Tribal Festivals = Promoted cooperation Cumulative Tribal Knowledge = Brought about through schooling Language = Means of coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of humans arriving in Australia around 60,000 years ago?

<p>Extinction of large animals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The passage suggests that humans brought down large vertebrate species primarily through berry-picking.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the evolutionary psychologist mentioned in the content?

<p>Joseph Henrich</p> Signup and view all the answers

What model describes the mental processes involved in text comprehension?

<p>Construction-Integration Model (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Background knowledge is irrelevant to deep understanding of a text.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mental representation created by readers after integrating text information with background knowledge?

<p>Situation model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Readers need knowledge of __________ rules and text structure to facilitate comprehension.

<p>syntactic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

<p>Text-base model = Represents what the text says Propositions = Sentence representations Situation model = Dynamically constructed mental representation Working memory = Temporary storage of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are propositions in the context of reading comprehension?

<p>Sentence representations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sufficiently automated basic reading processes are necessary for constructing a mental model.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a reader's pre-existing knowledge and experiences that affect comprehension?

<p>Schemas</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for readers to automate the letter-sound translation process?

<p>Extensive practice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vocabulary breadth refers to the variety of words known by a reader.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of words must a reader know to understand a text at a general level?

<p>95 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deep vocabulary knowledge includes knowing the meanings of words' semantics, structure's _______, spelling, and use.

<p>morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following vocabulary aspects with their definitions:

<p>Vocabulary breadth = Knowing many words Vocabulary depth = Having strong connections between words Semantics = Knowing the meanings of words Morphology = Understanding the structure of words</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if vocabulary coverage drops to 80 percent?

<p>Readers can only understand the overall gist (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Readers need to know only one unknown word for every 50 known words to comprehend a text.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between working memory demands and reading fluency?

<p>As reading becomes faster and easier, working memory demands are reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What becomes increasingly automatic as students progress toward fluency?

<p>Word recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The initial demand on students’ working memories remains constant while reading as they become more fluent.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does background knowledge play in reading comprehension?

<p>It plays a particularly important role in deep reading comprehension at various text levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Letters and _____ are essential for learning how to decode text in alphabetic languages.

<p>phonemes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

<p>Letter Knowledge = Ability to distinguish one letter from another Phonemic Awareness = Hearing individual speech sounds Alphabetic Principle = Mapping between letters and speech sounds Fluency = Automatic recognition of words while reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for learning how to decode text?

<p>Mathematical reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Word-specific knowledge is the same as phonemic awareness.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one important component of initial reading instruction?

<p>Effectively teaching letters and awareness of individual speech sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a crucial part of building background knowledge?

<p>Developing knowledge networks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disadvantaged students typically receive the same exposure to vocabulary and content knowledge as advantaged students.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect describes the phenomenon where more advantaged students improve their language skills more rapidly due to outside exposure?

<p>Matthew effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

Students transitioning from ‘learning to read’ to ‘reading to ________’ face challenges in background knowledge.

<p>learn</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their relevance to reading comprehension:

<p>Background Knowledge = Critical for understanding text Fluency Skills = Necessary for reading speed Expository Texts = Build on knowledge of specific topics Cognitive Skills = Important for critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that affects reading comprehension?

<p>Graphic organizing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cognitive psychology research confirms that systematic knowledge building benefits all students.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do challenging expository texts require from readers?

<p>Sufficient background knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does disciplinary knowledge provide to learners?

<p>Dependable interpretations and insights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Young advocates that if better knowledge exists, it should only be accessible to the elite.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should powerful knowledge help us strive towards?

<p>A more desirable future</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disciplinary knowledge in the academic disciplines must be translated by __________.

<p>expert teachers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about powerful knowledge?

<p>It changes as disciplinary knowledge evolves. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description:

<p>Disciplinary knowledge = Knowledge shaped by specific academic standards Powerful knowledge = Knowledge that promotes equal opportunities Expert teachers = Individuals who translate disciplinary knowledge Democratic values = Principles ensuring governance by the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

What counts as powerful knowledge in subjects like history is agreed upon universally.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a democratic society, one responsibility is deciding what __________ should know.

<p>children</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Shared Knowledge

Knowledge that is shared and understood by a group of people, enabling communication and cooperation.

Human Tribal Evolution

The ability of human tribes to evolve and thrive due to shared language and knowledge, allowing them to work together effectively as a large, powerful unit.

Cumulative Tribal Knowledge

The process of acquiring and transmitting knowledge between generations within a tribe or society, often through language and education.

Tribal Schooling

The process of learning and transmitting skills and knowledge to the next generation, essential for tribal survival and advancement.

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Human Adaptation

The ability of human tribes to use shared knowledge and language to adapt and overcome environmental challenges, such as hunting large animals for food.

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Language and Coordination

The idea that language is vital for coordinating human actions, enabling cooperation and achieving collective goals.

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Knowledge Possession

The ability of humans to use shared knowledge to understand and interpret the world around them.

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Knowledge Use

The ability of humans to use language to share and communicate knowledge effectively.

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Word recognition

The ability to recognize printed words quickly and automatically without conscious effort.

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Language comprehension

The process of understanding the meaning of written text.

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Strategic language comprehension

The ability to use cognitive resources effectively while reading, allowing for deeper understanding and comprehension.

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Alphabetic principle

The understanding that letters or letter groups represent speech sounds.

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Phonemic awareness

The ability to identify and manipulate individual speech sounds.

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Phonics

The use of knowledge about the relationships between letters and sounds to decode words.

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Working memory

The mental effort required to process information, particularly when reading.

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Background knowledge

The knowledge and experiences that a reader brings to a text, influencing comprehension.

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Letter-Sound Translation

The process of automatically translating letters into sounds, which allows readers to quickly recognize words.

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Vocabulary Breadth

Knowing many words and their meanings.

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Vocabulary Depth

Having a deep understanding of words, including their meaning, structure, spelling, and connections to other words.

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Reading Fluency

The ability to read quickly and smoothly, without struggling over individual words.

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Vocabulary Coverage

The percentage of words a reader knows in a text.

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Reading Comprehension

The process of understanding the meaning of a text, by connecting the words and concepts to the reader's knowledge and experiences.

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Context Clues

The ability to guess the meaning of unknown words based on the surrounding text.

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Word-Specific Knowledge

The ability to quickly and accurately recognize and process words, influenced by how well a reader connects sounds, spellings, and meanings.

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Construction-Integration (CI) Model

A model that explains how readers understand text by building mental representations of sentences, paragraphs, and the text's main idea.

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Text-Base Model

A mental representation of the main idea of a text formed by connecting propositions (sentences) in a text.

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Situation Model

A reader's mental representation of the world described in a text, combining text information with their own knowledge and experiences.

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Schema

A mental structure used to organize and interpret information, based on past experiences and knowledge.

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Basic Reading Processes

The ability to decode letters, sounds, and words quickly and automatically, a crucial foundation for reading fluency.

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Integration

The mental process of connecting and integrating information from the text with a reader's background knowledge and experiences.

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Knowledge Networks

Building background knowledge is not simply memorizing facts. It's about creating interconnected networks of related concepts that support deeper understanding and further learning.

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Repeated Exposure to Texts

Repeated exposure to expository and narrative texts on the same subject helps students develop a deeper understanding and improve reading comprehension and vocabulary.

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Matthew Effect

Disadvantaged students often rely on schools for access to advanced vocabulary and rich content knowledge, while more advantaged students often have access to these outside of school.

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Transition to Reading to Learn

The ability to use reading skills to learn new information, which typically develops around the fourth grade, can be challenging for students who lack sufficient background knowledge.

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Expository Texts

Expository texts require readers to already have specific knowledge about the topic being discussed in order to fully comprehend the information.

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Common Knowledge Base

Systematic and cumulative knowledge building in schools from an early age can help address the challenges of reading comprehension and ensure that all students have a strong foundation for learning.

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Critical Thinking and Knowledge

The ability to think critically and analyze information is a complex cognitive skill that is strongly influenced by the amount and quality of background knowledge a person possesses.

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Knowledge and Reading Comprehension

Strong reading comprehension skills are directly related to the depth of a reader's background knowledge.

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Equal Educational Rights

The idea that access to powerful knowledge should be equal for everyone, regardless of background.

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Disciplinary Knowledge

Knowledge that is acquired through disciplined study and research, providing deeper understanding and insights.

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Empowerment through Knowledge

The ability of disciplinary knowledge to challenge existing interpretations and perspectives, leading to new understandings and possibilities.

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Powerful Knowledge for a Better Future

The idea that powerful knowledge can help us create a better future by promoting critical thinking, understanding, and a more just society.

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Translating Disciplinary Knowledge

The process of translating complex disciplinary knowledge into accessible and understandable forms for students.

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Evolving Powerful Knowledge

The idea that powerful knowledge is constantly evolving, changing as new discoveries and perspectives emerge.

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Democratic Responsibility in Education

The responsibility to ensure that our children have access to the knowledge and skills they need to become informed and engaged citizens.

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Democratic Knowledge in Society

The complex and multifaceted nature of empowering all citizens with the knowledge they need to participate effectively in society.

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Study Notes

SpringerBriefs in Education

  • A new product type combining elements of journals and books
  • Concise summaries of cutting-edge research and practical applications in education
  • Volumes range from 50 to 125 pages, minimizing time investment
  • Available as part of Springer's eBook Collection; also available for individual print and electronic purchase
  • Covers various educational fields (e.g., science education, higher education, educational psychology, assessment & evaluation, etc.)
  • Provides an outlet for introductions to educational fields, reports on state-of-the-art analytical techniques, core educational concepts, testing/evaluation methods, snapshots of emerging topics/policy changes, in-depth case studies, literature reviews, and reports/reviews of surveys.
  • Solicited and unsolicited manuscripts are considered for publication
  • Brief Author Proposal form is for authors to submit Briefs

Book Details

  • Book title: Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking
  • Book subtitle: The Knowledge Revival
  • Authors: Tim Surma, Claudio Vanhees, Michiel Wils, Jasper Nijlunsing, Nuno Crato, John Hattie, Daniel Muijs, Elizabeth Rata, Dylan Wiliam, Paul A. Kirschner
  • Publisher: Springer
  • ISBN: 978-3-031-74660-4 (print), 978-3-031-74661-1 (eBook)

Open Access License

  • Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
  • Allows use, sharing, and adaptation, but requires attribution

Author Affiliations

  • (A list of authors and their institutions is present)

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Developing Curriculum for Deep Thinking: The Knowledge Revival (PDF)

Description

Explore key concepts in evolutionary psychology and the significance of knowledge in understanding human behavior. This quiz delves into human evolution, particularly regarding megafaunal extinction and the impact of early human tribes. Test your grasp of theories and models related to text comprehension and cognitive processes.

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