Issues & Debates

According to the text, which approach in psychology assumes that behavior has evolved because of its survival value?

According to the text, which approach in psychology assumes that behavior is learned and influenced by external factors such as the environment?

According to the text, which approach in psychology proposes that much of what we learn is through observation and vicarious reinforcement?

According to the text, which approach in psychology argues that behavior cannot be understood in terms of the components that make them up?

According to the text, which approach in psychology uses several levels of explanation, including biological, environmental, and social factors?

According to the text, which model suggests that both a genetic predisposition and an appropriate environmental trigger are required for a mental disorder to develop?

Which approach in psychology suggests that all behavior is determined and thus predictable?

What is the main idea behind the free will approach in psychology?

Which type of determinism suggests that our behavior is caused by outside influences?

According to Skinner, what is an illusion when it comes to freedom and free will?

Which perspective in psychology supports the idea of free will and personal responsibility?

What is the main difference between nature and nurture in explaining behavior?

Which of the following best describes alpha bias?

Which of the following best describes beta bias?

Which of the following best describes androcentrism?

According to Kitzinger (1998), why are questions about sex differences considered political?

According to feminists, how are gender differences used against women?

According to Tavris (1993), how do biased sex-role stereotypes affect women's self-esteem?

According to the text, what is reductionism in psychology?

What is the main focus of the nomothetic approach in psychology?

What is the main focus of the idiographic approach in psychology?

Which research methods are favored by the nomothetic approach?

Which research methods are favored by the idiographic approach?

According to the text, what should be the ideal research approach in psychology?

Which group of people are most affected by socially sensitive research?

What is the main purpose of ethical guidelines for socially sensitive research?

Which ethical guideline refers to the responsibility of researchers to disclose their results?

What is an example of unjust treatment in socially sensitive research?

What is the potential harm of publishing findings that reinforce racial stereotypes?

What is the main difference between a humanistic approach and a scientific approach in psychology?

True or false: Gender bias occurs when one gender is treated more favorably than the other.

True or false: Alpha bias occurs when the differences between men and women are exaggerated.

True or false: Beta bias occurs when the differences between men and women are minimized.

True or false: Androcentrism refers to regarding female thinking/behavior as normal.

True or false: Gender differences are distorted to maintain the status quo of male power, according to Kitzinger (1998).

True or false: Biased sex-role stereotypes have the effect of lowering women's self-esteem.

True or false: Equal opportunity legislation and feminist psychology have helped reduce gender bias in research and draw attention to under-researched areas like childcare and sexual abuse.

True or false: Culturally biased research makes it difficult for psychologists to separate behavior from the context in which it was observed.

True or false: The determinist approach proposes that all behavior is determined and predictable.

True or false: The free will approach in psychology suggests that humans have the ability to make choices and control their own behavior.

True or false: The nature view suggests that all behavior is determined by biology and genetics.

True or false: According to Freud, free will is an illusion because our behavior is governed by unconscious motivations.

True or false: Evolutionary explanations of human behavior exemplify the nurture approach in psychology?

True or false: The main assumption underlying the nature approach in psychology is that any particular behavior has evolved because of its survival value?

True or false: Interpersonal attraction can be explained as a consequence of natural selection?

True or false: The behaviorist approach is an example of the nurture position in psychology?

True or false: The Diathesis-stress model of Schizophrenia suggests that only genetic factors are required for the development of the disease?

True or false: Holism argues that behavior can be understood in terms of the components that make them up?

Reductionism is the belief that human behavior can be explained by breaking it down into smaller component parts.

The idiographic approach looks at how our behaviors are similar to each other as human beings.

The nomothetic approach looks at how our behaviors are different from each other.

Experiments, correlation, psychometric testing, and other quantitative methods are favored from a nomothetic point of view.

Ethical guidelines in psychology ensure that participants are not deceived or humiliated during research.

The humanistic approach in psychology focuses on discovering laws or establishing generalizations.

True or false: IQ tests administered to black Americans typically show that they score 15 points below the average white score.

True or false: Socially Sensitive Research (SSR) may affect four groups: the social group being studied, friends and relatives of those participating, the research team, and the institution conducting the research.

True or false: Privacy in SSR refers to data rather than people.

True or false: In SSR, sound and valid methodology is less important when the research topic is socially sensitive.

True or false: In SSR, causing the wider public to believe something that isn't true by the findings you report is referred to as confidentiality.

True or false: In SSR, participants should be made aware of how taking part in the research may affect them, which is known as informed consent.

What are the three main types of gender bias discussed in the text?

According to the text, what are the positive consequences of gender bias?

According to the text, what are the negative consequences of gender bias?

According to Kitzinger (1998), why are questions about sex differences considered political?

According to feminists, how are gender differences used against women?

What is the main purpose of ethical guidelines for socially sensitive research?

According to the text, what is the main assumption underlying the evolutionary approach in psychology?

According to the text, what is the main assumption underlying the nurture approach in psychology?

According to the text, what is the main idea behind the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia?

According to the text, what is reductionism in psychology?

According to the text, what is holism in psychology?

According to the text, what is the main focus of the idiographic approach in psychology?

Give an example of research that could be considered gender biased.

What is the impact of gender biased research on society?

How does cultural bias make it difficult for psychologists to separate behavior from its context?

What is the goal of equal opportunity legislation in psychology?

What is the main difference between the free will and determinist approaches in psychology?

What is the central question in the nature vs. nurture debate?

What is reductionism in psychology?

What is the main difference between a humanistic approach and a scientific approach in psychology?

What is the main focus of the idiographic approach in psychology?

What is the main idea behind the free will approach in psychology?

What is the potential harm of publishing findings that reinforce racial stereotypes?

What should be the ideal research approach in psychology, according to Millon & Davis (1996)?

What are the four groups that may be affected by socially sensitive research?

What are the ethical guidelines suggested by Sieber and Stanley for carrying out socially sensitive research?

Why is it important to have sound and valid methodology in socially sensitive research?

What is the potential harm of publishing findings that reinforce racial stereotypes?

What is the main difference between the humanistic approach and the scientific approach in psychology?

What is reductionism in psychology?

Research that upholds or reinforces gender stereotypes could be considered ______ biased.

The determinist approach proposes that all behavior is ______ and thus predictable.

The view that all our behavior is determined by our biology and our genes is known as the ______ view.

The nature view suggests that all behavior is determined by our ______ and our genes.

The free will approach in psychology suggests that humans have the ability to make choices and control their own ______.

The idiographic approach looks at how our behaviors are similar to each other as ______ beings.

According to the text, the idiographic approach in psychology looks at how our behaviors are ______ from each other

The nomothetic approach in psychology looks at how our behaviors are ______ to each other

The ethical guidelines in psychology ensure that participants are not ______ or humiliated during research

The humanistic approach in psychology focuses on discovering laws or establishing ______

According to the text, the difference between a nomothetic and an idiographic approach is not just a question of what the psychologist wants to discover but also of the ______ used

According to the text, the idiographic approach in psychology wants to discover what makes each of us ______

Gender bias occurs when one gender is treated less favorably than the other, often referred to as ______, and it has a range of consequences, including: Avoiding gender bias does not mean pretending that men and women are the same.

The three main types of gender bias are: Alpha bias – this occurs when the differences between men and women are ______. Therefore, stereotypically male and female characteristics may be emphasized.

Beta bias -this occurs when the differences between men and women are ______. This often happens when findings obtained from men are applied to women without additional validation.

Androcentrism – taking male thinking/behavior as normal, regarding female thinking/behavior as deviant, inferior, abnormal, or ‘other’ when it is ______.

Positive Consequences of Gender Bias Alpha Bias: ______

Negative Consequences of Gender Bias Alpha Bias: ______

Evolutionary explanations of human behavior exemplify the ______ approach in psychology

The main assumption underlying this approach is that any particular behavior has evolved because of its ______ value

The nurture approach in psychology assumes that all behavior is ______ through the environment

The behaviorist approach is the clearest example of the ______ position in psychology

According to the text, ______ is often referred to as Gestalt psychology

Holism argues that behavior cannot be understood in terms of the ______ that make them up

According to the text, what are the four groups that may be affected by socially sensitive research?

According to the text, what is the main potential harm of publishing findings that reinforce racial stereotypes?

According to the text, what are the main ethical guidelines for carrying out socially sensitive research?

According to the text, what is the main difference between a humanistic approach and a scientific approach in psychology?

According to the text, what is the main assumption underlying the nature approach in psychology?

According to the text, what is the main purpose of ethical guidelines for socially sensitive research?

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