18 Questions
The article discusses both the punctuated equilibrium and gradualism models for clonal evolution in cancer.
True
The punctuated equilibrium model is considered a more accurate representation of cancer growth according to the article.
True
Cancer treatment options usually become more specific to clones that have undergone a selective sweep.
True
Clone-specific treatments may be ineffective if there are sub-clones lacking the mutant target.
True
Tumor heterogeneity is not an important factor to consider when looking at treatment options for cancer.
False
According to the article, cancer cells evolve solely through the gradualism model.
False
According to Nowell, there are six steps in the model of clonal evolution.
False
If a mutation is a driver mutation, it will lead to clonal expansion.
True
Most of the sub-clones formed due to genomic instability will survive in the tumour environment.
False
The dominant sub-clone in a tumour can be replaced when a newly generated sub-clone outcompetes it.
True
In the clonal evolution model, a selective sweep occurs when a sub-clone fails to survive due to metabolic disadvantage.
False
Punctuated equilibrium model is one of the five steps proposed by Nowell in the clonal evolution model.
False
Tumour heterogeneity does not play a role in conferring evolutionary advantages or disadvantages.
False
The Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis and the Clonal Evolution Model are completely unrelated concepts.
False
The gradualism model suggests that evolution occurs in rapid, abrupt changes.
False
Tumour heterogeneity refers to the presence of only one type of cell in a tumor.
False
The punctuated equilibrium model proposes that evolution happens gradually over long periods of time.
False
Cancer growth is a simple and uniform process without any complexities.
False
Explore the impact of tumour heterogeneity on treatment options for cancer, emphasizing the importance of considering clone-specific treatments and sub-clones lacking mutant targets. Understand how advanced/metastatic cancer requires more specific treatments targeted at particular clones. Delve into the evolutionary biology of cancer and its implications for personalized medicine.
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