Lecture 9: Evolutionary Biology: Muscles, Nerves, and Evo-Devo
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Questions and Answers

What is the main origin of muscles and nerves according to the text?

  • From an egg
  • From an adult sponge
  • From sea anemones (correct)
  • From a Hydra

In evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo), what does 'mutation selection phenotype' refer to?

  • An alteration in embryonic development
  • A new type of mutation
  • A specific developmental trajectory (correct)
  • A unique phenotypic state

Which organism is mentioned as the earliest multicellular animal?

  • Sponge (correct)
  • Sea urchin
  • Jellyfish
  • Hydra

What is the primary focus of Evo-Devo?

<p>Studying alterations in embryonic development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does natural selection primarily 'select' according to the text?

<p>Phenotypic traits leading to complex behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation mentioned regarding Cnidarians in the text?

<p>They lack a central control center (brain) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organism retains juvenile features in adulthood, according to the text?

<p>Axolotl (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Cnidarian planula larva, what is the role of elongated cells?

<p>Communicate chemically (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary advantage of improved efficiency in communication and coordination mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased survival (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between sensory cells in Sponge Larva and Cnidarian planula larva, as explained in the text?

<p>Sponge Larva cells detect stimuli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What crucial component do Cnidarians lack when it comes to their nervous system, according to the text?

<p>'Central control center' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells in sponges engulf and digest food as well as secrete a material to keep the sponge flexible?

<p>Amoeboid cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in sponges beat their flagella back and forth to force water through the sponge?

<p>Collar cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do sponges reproduce asexually?

<p>By budding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of sponges ejecting sperm and egg cells into the water called?

<p>Synchronous spawning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells in sponges contain the pores needed to allow water into the sponge?

<p>Flattened surface cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reproduction in sponges where specialized gametocyte cells produce sperm and eggs?

<p>Sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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