Evolution Theories and Origin of Life Quiz

<p>It suggests that the Earth is much older than previously believed, providing ample time for evolutionary change to occur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Darwin emphasized the role of variation within a population, while Lamarck suggested that traits acquired during the lifetime of an organism could be passed on to its offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to crystallize and form intricate structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rich broth of organic molecules formed before the emergence of life (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stage 2: Polymerization of Organic Molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrated that organic molecules can be spontaneously formed from inorganic precursors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maggots consume dead tissue, aiding in wound cleaning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaen → Proterozoic → Phanerozoic → Cenozoic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devonian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ordovician (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of Pangaea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amniotic Egg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permian (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cambrian (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large, ancient forests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Permian (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volcanic eruptions leading to mass extinctions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gymnosperms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clay surfaces can serve as a template for the polymerization of organic monomers. This template is a preorganized surface onto which monomers can adsorb in an orientation that facilitates the formation of bonds between them. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA molecules possess the capacity to store genetic information, catalyze biochemical reactions, and self-replicate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above are evolutionary advantages of the transition to a DNA-RNA-protein world. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coacervates are formed through the spontaneous association of charged molecules, while liposomes are formed through the self-assembly of lipid molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-replication allows the protobiont to pass on its genetic information to its offspring, leading to potential evolution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribozymes act as catalysts for the synthesis of proteins, thus transitioning from an RNA-based metabolism to a protein-based metabolism. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above statements accurately describe the stability and reliability of DNA as a genetic information storage molecule compared to RNA. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protobionts are incapable of self-replication, which is a defining characteristic of living cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids form a boundary separating the internal environment from the external environment, creating a compartmentalized structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide evidence of the presence of oxygen-producing organisms in the Archaean eon. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Igneous rocks contain radioactive isotopes that decay at a predictable rate, allowing for the dating of the sedimentary layers they are in contact with. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formation of new types of rocks. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolution of multicellularity resulted in a decrease in the complexity and specialization of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Archaean Eon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy while autotrophs produce their own energy through photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eukaryotic cells allowed for the development of all multicellular organisms, increasing biodiversity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of DNA in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, suggesting their independent origins. (A), The fact that mitochondria and chloroplasts can replicate independently within a eukaryotic cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dominance of prokaryotes as the primary life form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilateral symmetry allowed for the development of specialized appendages in animals, leading to increased mobility and efficient movement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Invasion of tissue by fly larvae (maggots) that feed on living or dead tissue.

Maggots develop in foul-smelling wounds, especially those producing pus.

The introduction of live, disinfected maggots into non-healing wounds for debridement.

Earth's timeline progresses from Archaen to Cenozoic over billions of years.

Life is characterized by DNA, cells, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and evolution.

1. Formation of organic molecules, 2. Polymerization into DNA/RNA/proteins, 3. Membrane enclosure, 4. Acquisition of cellular properties.

The hypothesis that organic molecules formed under early Earth conditions, demonstrated by Miller-Urey's experiment.

Molecules formed between hot vent water and cold oceans.

Formation of polymers thought impossible in water due to hydrolysis.

Experiments show polymers form on clay, aiding prebiotic synthesis.

Boundaries that separate internal polymers from environment.

Droplets formed from association of charged molecules, could perform metabolic functions.

Vesicles surrounded by a lipid layer that can enclose RNA.

Hypothesis that RNA was the first macromolecule in protobionts.

RNA can store information, self-replicate, and have enzymatic functions.

DNA provides stable information; RNA performs diverse functions.

Mass extinction event approximately 66 million years ago, likely caused by a meteorite impact.

The earliest flowering plants that became the dominant land plants after the dinosaurs.

Changes in allele frequencies in a population over time, driving small adjustments within species.

The formation of new species or groups of related species, larger changes over long time periods.

Insights gained by Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, influencing his evolutionary theory.

Rock formed by the accumulation of sediments, often containing fossils.

Rock formed from cooled magma or lava, used in dating rock layers.

Rock transformed by heat and pressure, changing its structure.

Fossilized layers of biofilms, indicating ancient life forms.

Time period (3.8-2.5 bya) when prokaryotic cells first appeared.

Time period (2.5 bya - 543 mya) when multicellular eukaryotes arose.

Cells with a nucleus, including all multicellular organisms.

Organisms that produce their own energy, usually through photosynthesis.

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

The theory that eukaryotic cells originated from symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic cells.

The eon characterized by the emergence of abundant life forms, including land plants and animals.

A rapid increase in the diversity of animal species during the Cambrian period.

A fossil-rich formation known for preserving soft-bodied organisms from the Cambrian period.

A mass extinction event near the end of the Ordovician period that eliminated over 60% of marine invertebrates.

The Devonian period, noted for the dominance and diversity of fish species.

A period that saw the formation of extensive coal deposits and the rise of amphibians and large trees.

The supercontinent formed during the Permian period as a result of continental drift.

The largest mass extinction event during the Permian period, eliminating up to 95% of species.

The period marked by the rise of dinosaurs and the first true mammals.

A period where dinosaurs were the dominant land animals and the first birds appeared.