Evolution of Supply Chain Management in the 1950s and 1960s
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Questions and Answers

Which technique is used to determine the overall level of manufacturing output to best satisfy planned sales and meet profitability goals?

  • Supply chain integration
  • Manufacturing resource planning (correct)
  • Material requirements planning
  • Just in Time philosophy

    • During the 1950s and 1960s, what was the primary focus of manufacturers in terms of their operations?

  • Maximizing external collaboration
  • Implementing material requirements planning
  • Focusing on mass production and cost reduction (correct)
  • Implementing Just in Time philosophy

    • What was a significant drawback mentioned in the text regarding the manufacturing operations of the 1950s and 1960s?

  • Implementation of Just in Time philosophy
  • Reduced cycle times
  • Focus on external collaboration
  • High investment in facilities and equipment (correct)

    • In which decade was the term 'supply chain management' first coined?

    <p>1980s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Material Requirements Planning (MRP) aim to determine?

    <p>When materials are needed to support production plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which decade saw the introduction of computer technologies leading to the development of new planning techniques in supply chain management?

    <p>1970s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a Pull Business model, when are finished products produced?

    <p>In response to actual demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of the Push business model mentioned in the text?

    <p>High inventories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique generates significant improvements in customer service, productivity, inventory, and costs according to the text?

    <p>Supply Chain Planning and Control techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the Responsive model mentioned in the text?

    <p>Immediate readiness to ship products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What planning process is executed in sequence to ensure the right product is produced at the right time according to the text?

    <p>A hierarchy of planning processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of the Pull Business model mentioned in the text?

    <p>Every order being a rush order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Just in Time (JIT) philosophy of manufacturing?

    <p>To eliminate all waste and continuously improve productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Business Process Reengineering (BPR)?

    <p>Rethinking and radically redesigning business processes for organizational improvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which supply chain concept emphasizes joint planning between partners for supply activities?

    <p>Collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment (CPFR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the old and new paradigms of company strategies according to the text?

    <p>Old paradigm involves synergy through vertical integration, while the new paradigm focuses on specialization and partnerships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is primarily associated with material requirements planning in supply chain management?

    <p>Forecasting the demand for products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key objective of strategic sourcing in the context of supply chain management?

    <p>Locating and sourcing key material and service suppliers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Logistics management differ from Warehousing in supply chain operations?

    <p>'Logistics involves managing the movement and storage of products/materials forward and reverse'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of International Trade Management as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Exchanging goods and services across national borders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Determining Manufacturing Output

    • The Aggregate Planning technique is used to determine the overall level of manufacturing output to best satisfy planned sales and meet profitability goals.

    Focus of Manufacturers (1950s-1960s)

    • During the 1950s and 1960s, the primary focus of manufacturers was on internal operations.

    Drawback of 1950s-1960s Manufacturing

    • A significant drawback of manufacturing operations during this period was the focus on internal efficiency rather than customer needs.

    Supply Chain Management

    • The term 'supply chain management' was first coined in the 1980s.
    • MRP (Material Requirements Planning) aims to determine the quantity of materials required to produce a product.

    Development of Planning Techniques

    • The 1980s saw the introduction of computer technologies, leading to the development of new planning techniques in supply chain management.

    Business Models

    • In a Pull Business model, finished products are produced in response to customer demand.
    • A major disadvantage of the Push business model is that it can lead to inventory build-up and obsolescence.

    Advantages of Techniques

    • The Responsive model provides a key advantage in its ability to respond quickly to changing customer needs.
    • The Just in Time (JIT) philosophy of manufacturing aims to produce and deliver products just in time to meet customer demand.

    Planning Processes

    • The Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process is executed in sequence to ensure the right product is produced at the right time.

    Disadvantages of Techniques

    • A significant disadvantage of the Pull Business model is the high risk of stockouts.

    Business Process Reengineering

    • The main focus of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) is on radical redesign of business processes.

    Supply Chain Concepts

    • The Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) concept emphasizes joint planning between partners for supply activities.

    Paradigm Shift

    • The main difference between the old and new paradigms of company strategies is a shift from internal focus to customer focus.

    Material Requirements Planning

    • The primary activity associated with material requirements planning in supply chain management is determining the quantity of materials required.

    Strategic Sourcing

    • The key objective of strategic sourcing is to build long-term relationships with suppliers.

    Logistics Management

    • Logistics management differs from Warehousing in that it involves the coordination and management of the entire supply chain, while warehousing involves the storage and handling of inventory.

    International Trade Management

    • International Trade Management involves the planning and coordination of international logistics and trade activities.

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    Description

    Explore the origin and evolution of supply chain management during the 1950s and 1960s, when it was limited to materials management and logistics. Understand the shift towards external collaboration, partnerships, and focus on cost reduction and productivity improvement.

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