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Questions and Answers
Which programming language was first developed specifically for scientific applications?
Which programming language was first developed specifically for scientific applications?
Which language is primarily associated with business applications on Apple platforms?
Which language is primarily associated with business applications on Apple platforms?
Which of the following programming domains is NOT mentioned in the content?
Which of the following programming domains is NOT mentioned in the content?
What characterizes programming applications in the field of Artificial Intelligence?
What characterizes programming applications in the field of Artificial Intelligence?
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Which language is considered an alternative to Java for Android business applications?
Which language is considered an alternative to Java for Android business applications?
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Which programming language achieved notable success for business applications in its early days?
Which programming language achieved notable success for business applications in its early days?
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What programming language was developed for AI applications in 1959?
What programming language was developed for AI applications in 1959?
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Which programming domain is known for automating repetitive tasks in scientific research?
Which programming domain is known for automating repetitive tasks in scientific research?
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What is the significance of Ada Lovelace in programming history?
What is the significance of Ada Lovelace in programming history?
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Which of the following languages is considered the first compiled programming language?
Which of the following languages is considered the first compiled programming language?
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FORTRAN was primarily developed for which purpose?
FORTRAN was primarily developed for which purpose?
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Which programming language introduced the concept of a code block with keywords like 'begin' and 'end'?
Which programming language introduced the concept of a code block with keywords like 'begin' and 'end'?
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What percentage of the world’s business was running on COBOL in 1997?
What percentage of the world’s business was running on COBOL in 1997?
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Which of the following programming languages was developed mainly for business-oriented applications?
Which of the following programming languages was developed mainly for business-oriented applications?
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Which language is known as the basis for many modern programming languages like C++ and Java?
Which language is known as the basis for many modern programming languages like C++ and Java?
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What was one of the main uses for Assembly Language in contemporary scenarios?
What was one of the main uses for Assembly Language in contemporary scenarios?
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What year was SQL developed?
What year was SQL developed?
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Which programming language is known for its strong focus on matrix manipulation?
Which programming language is known for its strong focus on matrix manipulation?
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Which language was developed as a combination of SMALLTALK and C, and used prominently by Apple before Swift?
Which language was developed as a combination of SMALLTALK and C, and used prominently by Apple before Swift?
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What is a feature of C++ that distinguishes it from its predecessor, C?
What is a feature of C++ that distinguishes it from its predecessor, C?
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What is a primary application area for PERL programming language?
What is a primary application area for PERL programming language?
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Which of the following programming languages is known for its purely functional programming paradigm?
Which of the following programming languages is known for its purely functional programming paradigm?
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What is a characteristic of Python compared to previous programming languages?
What is a characteristic of Python compared to previous programming languages?
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In what year was C++ developed?
In what year was C++ developed?
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Which programming language is described as a pure object-oriented language that also supports functional programming?
Which programming language is described as a pure object-oriented language that also supports functional programming?
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What year was the Go programming language first launched?
What year was the Go programming language first launched?
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Which of the following programming languages was developed by JetBrains?
Which of the following programming languages was developed by JetBrains?
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What is the primary platform for which Swift was developed?
What is the primary platform for which Swift was developed?
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Which programming language is described as being similar to Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk?
Which programming language is described as being similar to Python, Ruby, and Smalltalk?
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Which programming language is known for its emphasis on scalability?
Which programming language is known for its emphasis on scalability?
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Which programming language is often described as a 'better language' than Java?
Which programming language is often described as a 'better language' than Java?
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What is a primary feature unique to Go compared to other languages mentioned?
What is a primary feature unique to Go compared to other languages mentioned?
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Which of the following languages was developed specifically for IBM mainframe computers?
Which of the following languages was developed specifically for IBM mainframe computers?
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Why is HTML classified as a markup language instead of a programming language?
Why is HTML classified as a markup language instead of a programming language?
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What significant event is associated with Grace Murray Hopper in relation to programming errors?
What significant event is associated with Grace Murray Hopper in relation to programming errors?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of HTML?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of HTML?
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Which programming language is considered the oldest high-level programming language?
Which programming language is considered the oldest high-level programming language?
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In web software development, which of the following languages is commonly used for backend development?
In web software development, which of the following languages is commonly used for backend development?
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What is one primary purpose for which BASIC was originally designed?
What is one primary purpose for which BASIC was originally designed?
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Which programming language was used almost entirely to write the UNIX operating system?
Which programming language was used almost entirely to write the UNIX operating system?
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When considering programming languages for web software, which factor is least likely to be considered?
When considering programming languages for web software, which factor is least likely to be considered?
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Who developed the programming language PASCAL?
Who developed the programming language PASCAL?
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Which of the following statements about systems programming is true?
Which of the following statements about systems programming is true?
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What year was the programming language SMALLTALK introduced?
What year was the programming language SMALLTALK introduced?
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Which of the following languages is NOT typically associated with web development?
Which of the following languages is NOT typically associated with web development?
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Which programming language is widely used for artificial intelligence research during its early popularity?
Which programming language is widely used for artificial intelligence research during its early popularity?
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What notable feature does SMALLTALK provide that contributes to its wide usage?
What notable feature does SMALLTALK provide that contributes to its wide usage?
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What significant contribution did Dennis M. Ritchie make in 1972?
What significant contribution did Dennis M. Ritchie make in 1972?
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Study Notes
Evolution of Programming Languages
- The first computer programmer was Ada Lovelace, an English mathematician.
- She documented algorithms for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine.
- Assembly language originated in 1949.
Assembly Language
- A low-level language.
- Uses symbols that machines directly understand.
- Implemented in EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator).
- Real-time systems, medical equipment (e.g., fly-by-wire systems), and computer viruses use assembly language.
Autocode
- A term for a family of early computer programming languages.
- Developed by Alick Glennie in 1952.
- The first compiled computer programming language.
- Languages like COBOL and FORTRAN are considered Autocode.
FORTRAN
- Stands for Formula Translation.
- Developed by John Backus and IBM, in 1957
- Designed mainly for complicated mathematical calculations (scientific computing).
- NASA's Voyager 1 and 2 space probes were originally programmed using Fortran 5.
ALGOL
- Stands for Algorithmic Language.
- Created in 1958
- Basis for programming languages, including Pascal, C, C++, and Java.
- Introduced the "begin" and "end" block structure, aiding program structuring.
COBOL
- Stands for Common Business-Oriented Language.
- Developed by Dr. Grace Murray Hopper in 1959, originally created to be used for various brands of computers.
- Utilized by 80% of the world's businesses in 1997.
- Played a crucial role in processing millions of payments during the coronavirus aid, relief, and economic security crisis.
The First Computer Bug
- Dr. Grace Hopper discovered a moth in a relay, which caused a malfunctioning bug.
- This incident gave rise to the term "bug" for software errors.
- This incident occurred in 1944.
LISP
- Developed at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) in 1959.
- Stands for List Processing Language.
- One of the oldest high-level programming languages (after FORTRAN).
- Primarily used in the field of artificial intelligence (AI).
BASIC
- Stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code,created in 1964.
- Developed for students lacking mathematical backgrounds.
- Became a popular language for early microcomputers.
- First microcomputer version collaboratively developed by Bill Gates, Paul Allen, and Monte Davidoff for Microsoft.
PASCAL
- Named after mathematician Blaise Pascal.
- Created in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth of Switzerland, designed to teach structured programming.
- Simple to understand and quickly adopted.
- Used in the early development of Apple computers.
SMALLTALK
- Developed by Alan Kay at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1972.
- Influenced many programming languages.
- An interactive graphical platform made it versatile for applications in various industries (web applications, IoT, medical, AI etc.)
- In 2017, it ranked among the second most preferred languages according to Stack Overflow survey.
C
- A general-purpose language.
- Developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories (now part of AT&T Bell Laboratories )in 1972.
- A very popular language still widely used today for operating systems, and system and embedded software development.
- Acts as the foundation for many other widely used languages.
SQL
- Stands for Structured Query Language, developed in 1972 at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce.
- A standard language for managing databases.
- Remains a prevalent, widely used language in database management systems.
MATLAB
- Stands for MATrix LABoratory.
- Created in 1978 by mathematician and computer programmer Cleve Moler.
- Popular for matrix manipulation, algorithm implementation, and user interface creation.
- Highly regarded for advanced mathematical computations.
OBJ-C
- Combines Smalltalk-style messaging with the C programming language.
- Created in 1983 by Brad Cox and Tom Love.
- Until 2014, it served as Apple's primary programming language for macOS and iOS.
C++
- Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983, an enhancement of the C language.
- A high-level language known as the fastest.
- Used for software like Adobe Photoshop and in other high performance situations.
- Commonly used programming language in various applications.
PERL
- Developed in 1987.
- A scripting language frequently used for text editing and in tasks related to administration, web development, and networking.
- Borrows elements from LISP, BASIC, and C programming.
HASKELL
- Developed in 1990, a purely functional, non-strict programming language.
- Designed with large-scale industrial applications in mind.
- Its mathematical function-based structure differentiates it from other languages.
PYTHON
- Developed by Guido van Rossum in 1991.
- Known for its readability and requiring fewer lines of codes compared to other languages.
- Often used by data scientists and analysts for its utility in data analysis.
VISUAL BASIC
- Developed by Microsoft in 1991.
- Its graphical user interface allows users to drag and drop code components easily.
- Designed for easy learning and use.
R
- Created in 1993 by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
- Primarily used for statistical software development by mathematicians and data scientists.
- In 2020, R ranked among the top 18 most popular programming languages.
JAVA
- Developed in 1995 by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (now Oracle).
- Commonly used for object-oriented designs and for situations where the application needs to run effectively across different platforms.
- Runs on almost any device using its virtually platform-independent Virtual Machine.
PHP
- Created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf.
- A scripting language primarily used in web development, especially for connecting databases.
- Popular for its use in building and managing blog websites.
RUBY
- Created in 1995 by Yukihiro Matsumoto in Japan, a language for object-oriented program development.
- Similar to Perl, Python, and Smalltalk, it uses scripting functionality.
JAVASCRIPT
- Created in 1995 by Brendan Eich.
- Used to enable interactive user interfaces on web pages.
- Known for its lightweight and interpreted nature.
- Integrates with HTML very easily and can run across diverse platforms.
C#
- Developed in 2000 by Microsoft with Anders Hejlsberg.
- A general-purpose, object-oriented programming language.
- One of the influential, widely used languages in web and desktop development.
SCALA
- Released in 2003, a high-level, multi-paradigm programming language.
- A pure object-oriented language with support for functional programming.
- Converts to Java Byte Code, and this makes it very convenient to be used in a wide variety of programming contexts
GROOVY
- Released in 2003, a Java-compatible object-oriented programming language.
- Its static and dynamic coding makes it equally suitable for scripting, web development and programming.
- Compiled into Java bytecode, therefore allowing it to efficiently run on Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
GO
- Released in 2009 by Google.
- Procedural programming language known for its readability, efficiency, and ease of learning.
- Used for projects based on network services, web applications, and command-line tools.
KOTLIN
- Released in 2011 by JetBrains, and is a statically typed, general purpose programming language.
- An object-oriented language.
- Frequently used for Android application development and is fully interoperable with Java.
SWIFT
- Released in 2014 by Apple, a robust and intuitive programming language.
- Used for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS application development.
- Designed with ease of use, robustness, and intuitive programming in mind.
Language Evaluation
- Criteria for evaluating programming languages (Readability, Writability, Reliability, and Cost).
- Subsections within these criteria focus on ease of use, implementation methods for various tasks and domains.
Programming Domains
- Domains for programming languages development, including scientific, business, artificial intelligence, systems, and web.
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Description
This quiz explores the history and development of programming languages, from Ada Lovelace's contributions to the early days of Assembly language and Autocode. It also covers significant languages like FORTRAN and their applications in scientific computing. Test your knowledge on these foundational concepts in computer science.
