Programming Languages Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a high-level programming language?

  • Similar to English with vocabulary of words and symbols
  • Easy to learn and use
  • Requires specific vocabulary, grammar, and syntax to be learned (correct)
  • Allows users to create programs without the help of a programmer

    • Which of the following is an example of a natural programming language?

  • Clones for Microcomputers (correct)
  • FORTRAN
  • COBOL
  • BASIC

    • What is the primary purpose of a machine-independent programming language?

  • To be portable across different hardware and software platforms (correct)
  • To represent a natural language
  • To be easily learned and used by end-users
  • To be used for writing business application programs

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a high-level programming language?

    <p>Requires specific vocabulary, grammar, and syntax to be learned (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an artificial intelligent system?

    <p>Expert systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a natural programming language?

    <p>Elimination of the need to learn a specific vocabulary, grammar, or syntax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary function of a compiler?

    <p>To translate high-level language statements into machine-oriented instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between high-level programming languages and machine-oriented instructions?

    <p>High-level languages must be translated into machine-oriented instructions before they can be executed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of a machine-independent programming language?

    <p>It requires a compiler to translate it into machine code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the listing produced by a compiler?

    <p>To provide a printed record of the source and object programs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of a machine-oriented programming language?

    <p>It is specific to a particular computer architecture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the linkages and macros included in a compiler?

    <p>To provide the necessary connections for closed subroutines and insert appropriate machine code for macros (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an assembler?

    <p>To translate mnemonic operation codes into machine code and symbolic addresses into machine addresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key difference between a compiler and an assembler?

    <p>Compilers translate high-level language statements into machine code, while assemblers translate mnemonic operation codes into machine code (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of a compiler?

    <p>To generate the object program for each source statement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a high-level programming language and a machine-oriented language?

    <p>High-level languages are a more user-friendly representation of machine-oriented languages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key function of an assembler that is not performed by a compiler?

    <p>Including the necessary linkages for closed subroutines and inserting appropriate machine code for macros (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a machine-independent programming language?

    <p>To allow programs to be executed on any computer hardware without modification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Assembler

    • Translates mnemonic operation codes into machine code and symbolic addresses into machine addresses.
    • Includes necessary linkages for closed subroutines and inserts appropriate machine code for macros.
    • Allocates areas of storage and includes error codes if appropriate.
    • Detects and indicates invalid source-language instructions.
    • Produces the object program on tape or disk as required.
    • Produces a printed listing of the source and object program with comments.

    Compiler

    • Translates high-level language into machine-oriented instructions.
    • Generates the object program and produces a printed listing of the source and object programs when required.
    • Translates the source-program statements into machine code.

    Features of High-Level Language

    • Similar to English with vocabularies of words and symbols.
    • Easy to learn and use.

    Machine Independent Programming Language

    • Used to write business application programs.
    • Designed to be easily learned and used by end-users.
    • Allows users to create programs without the need for a programmer.
    • Examples include report generators, application generators, and query languages.

    Natural Programming Language

    • Represents a natural language.
    • Eliminates the need for users to learn a specific vocabulary, grammar, or syntax.
    • Text of a natural language statement resembles human speech.
    • Examples include Clones for Microcomputers and Intellect for Mainframes.

    Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence

    • Use of artificial intelligence touches on expert systems.
    • Expert systems use a computerized collection of the knowledge of many human experts.
    • Artificial intelligence is an independently smart computer system.

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    Description

    Explore examples and advantages of popular programming languages such as BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL, and C++. Learn about their similarities to English, easy-to-learn symbols, and their use in writing machine-independent business application programs.

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