Evolution of Open Genetic Programs
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Questions and Answers

Which type of genetic program is characterized by pre-determined and stereotyped behaviors that are 'hard-wired' into an organism's genetic makeup?

  • Closed Genetic Program (correct)
  • Evolutionary Genetic Program
  • Adaptive Genetic Program
  • Open Genetic Program

    • In species where mating occurs infrequently or only once, which genetic program is likely to be favored by natural selection?

  • Adaptive Genetic Program
  • Evolutionary Genetic Program
  • Open Genetic Program
  • Closed Genetic Program (correct)

    • Which factor is NOT considered when determining whether natural selection favors an open or closed genetic program?

  • Genetic Drift (correct)
  • Ecological Niche
  • Species' Life History
  • Reproductive Strategies

    • Which genetic program allows individuals to modify their behavior in response to changing environmental conditions?

    <p>Open Genetic Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In species where critical behaviors are essential for immediate survival and occur infrequently, which genetic program is likely to be favored by natural selection?

    <p>Closed Genetic Program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors determine whether natural selection favors the evolution of open or closed genetic programs for a behavior?

    <p>Species' life history, reproductive strategies, and environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of different breeding strategies among male Coho salmon relate to evolutionary advantages?

    <p>It allows males to adopt alternative reproductive tactics based on individual characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism through which species gradually accumulate genetic variations beneficial for survival and reproduction?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the advantages associated with the 'jacks' breeding strategy in Coho salmon?

    <p>Ability to spend less time in seawater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the balance between innate behaviors and learned behaviors vary across species and populations?

    <p>It is influenced by ecological and social conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do species evolve specialized adaptations to specific ecological niches over time?

    <p>Via natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences the adaptation of individual animals to their environment during their lifetime?

    <p>Predation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best summarizes the relationship between breeding strategies in Coho salmon and their overall fitness?

    <p>Adopting alternative reproductive tactics enhances overall fitness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of adaptive responses to environmental challenges, what role does the history of the species play?

    <p>It shapes genetic makeup and phenotypic traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which traits that increase fitness in a given environment become more prevalent in a population over time?

    <p>Natural selection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of behavioral plasticity and learning mechanisms in enhancing adaptability?

    <p>Enabling individuals to adjust behavior in response to changing environmental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the history of the individual impact their survival and reproductive success?

    <p>By selecting traits that enhance survival and reproductive success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the evolutionary history of a species primarily influence?

    <p>The accumulated adaptive changes over generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do animals become well-suited to their normal environment?

    <p>Through a combination of evolutionary processes over species and individual history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do individuals pass on their genes to the next generation?

    <p>By reproducing and surviving, passing on advantageous genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are instinctive behaviors often described in the text?

    <p>Closed genetic programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of natural selection in modifying behaviors?

    <p>Gradually optimizing behaviors for survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'species memory' refer to in the text?

    <p>Recorded history of adaptive changes encoded in the genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do genetic programs for instinctive behaviors evolve over time?

    <p>By being honed through natural selection over generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to behaviors that confer a survival or reproductive advantage?

    <p>They are more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might species with more variable environments benefit from open genetic programs?

    <p>To optimize strategies for survival and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reproductive strategy do Coho Salmon exhibit?

    <p>Semelparous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do Coho Salmon favor the evolution of closed genetic programs for mating behaviors?

    <p>Due to the limited opportunities for mating and critical importance of successful reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of open genetic programs in species with complex social structures?

    <p>Optimizing strategies for social dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do species with flexible reproductive strategies benefit from open genetic programs?

    <p>To optimize strategies for survival and reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor may contribute to differences in mating behavior and pairing success between species according to the text?

    <p>Genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do social interactions within a species-specific social environment influence mating choices in Blue Tits?

    <p>By providing important social cues and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a crucial role in shaping mating preferences in songbirds according to the text?

    <p>Genetic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may influence the strength of imprinting or the likelihood of pairing with conspecifics?

    <p>Genetic predispositions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way may genetic differences between species affect pairing success?

    <p>By favoring pairing with individuals of the same species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as playing a role in shaping behavior and mating preferences in songbirds?

    <p>Ecological adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cross-fostering experiments help provide insights into mating preferences in songbirds?

    <p>By studying the interplay between genetics, environment, and social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genetic predispositions play in the context of mating preferences?

    <p>They may influence imprinting strength and pairing choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

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