Evolution of Hemorrhage: Acute to Chronic

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What is the term used to describe the condition of a finger-shaped depression over edematous tissue?

Pitting Edema (correct)

Pulmonary Edema

Brain Edema

Periorbital Edema

In pulmonary edema, what fluids can be found in the lungs?

Frothy, sometimes blood-tinged fluid (correct)

Pure water

Pure air

Oil-based fluid

What does brain edema refer to?

Swelling of the brain tissue due to an inflammatory response

Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain

Localized or generalized swelling of brain tissue due to pathologic processes or injuries (correct)

Degeneration of brain cells leading to fluid accumulation

What leads to hemorrhage in various settings?

Trauma, atherosclerosis, or inflammatory processes Signup and view all the answers

How does generalized edema affect the sulci and gyri of the brain?

Sulci are narrowed while gyri are swollen and flattened Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of systemic embolization?

Ischemic necrosis of downstream tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of embolus is composed of hematopoietic marrow and marrow fat cells attached to a thrombus?

Bone marrow embolus Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to right-sided heart failure in the context of embolization?

Embolization in the pulmonary circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an uncommon cause of tissue infarction?

Vessel twisting Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a hemorrhagic, roughly wedge-shaped pulmonary infarct?

Red infarct Signup and view all the answers

Which embolus type presents two small pulmonary arterioles packed with laminated swirls of fetal squamous cells?

Amniotic fluid embolus Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tissues do Red Infarcts typically occur?

Loose tissues where blood can collect Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause for the occurrence of Red Infarcts?

Venous outflow obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is mentioned as an example of where White Infarcts occur?

Heart Signup and view all the answers

Why do White Infarcts tend to be wedge-shaped?

Due to the occluded vessel at the apex Signup and view all the answers

What is a common event associated with Shock as mentioned in the text?

Extensive trauma or burns Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of Shock on tissues as mentioned in the text?

Cellular hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical picture of acute pulmonary edema?

Congested alveolar vessels with transudate inside of the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic pulmonary congestion?

Thickened and fibrotic septa with hemosiderin-laden macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute passive congestion of the liver?

Congested central veins Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the reversible fatty change in periportal hepatocytes?

Proximity to hepatic arterioles for better oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the central regions of hepatic lobules appearing redbrown and slightly depressed in chronic passive liver congestion?

Congested central veins Signup and view all the answers

Why do periportal hepatocytes experience less severe hypoxia during chronic passive liver congestion?

Proximity to hepatic arterioles for better oxygenation Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathologic counterpart of hemostasis?

Thrombosis Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT involved in both hemostasis and thrombosis?

Red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What is an embolus?

Intravascular mass carried by blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the color progression in the evolution of hemorrhage?

Purple -> Green -> Brown Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of a thrombus according to the text?

Dislodged thrombi Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of elastic tissue in a thrombosed artery?

Delineate the original lumen Signup and view all the answers