Evolution of Hemorrhage: Acute to Chronic
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the condition of a finger-shaped depression over edematous tissue?

  • Pitting Edema (correct)
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Brain Edema
  • Periorbital Edema

In pulmonary edema, what fluids can be found in the lungs?

  • Frothy, sometimes blood-tinged fluid (correct)
  • Pure water
  • Pure air
  • Oil-based fluid

What does brain edema refer to?

  • Swelling of the brain tissue due to an inflammatory response
  • Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
  • Localized or generalized swelling of brain tissue due to pathologic processes or injuries (correct)
  • Degeneration of brain cells leading to fluid accumulation

What leads to hemorrhage in various settings?

<p>Trauma, atherosclerosis, or inflammatory processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does generalized edema affect the sulci and gyri of the brain?

<p>Sulci are narrowed while gyri are swollen and flattened (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of systemic embolization?

<p>Ischemic necrosis of downstream tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of embolus is composed of hematopoietic marrow and marrow fat cells attached to a thrombus?

<p>Bone marrow embolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to right-sided heart failure in the context of embolization?

<p>Embolization in the pulmonary circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an uncommon cause of tissue infarction?

<p>Vessel twisting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a hemorrhagic, roughly wedge-shaped pulmonary infarct?

<p>Red infarct (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which embolus type presents two small pulmonary arterioles packed with laminated swirls of fetal squamous cells?

<p>Amniotic fluid embolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tissues do Red Infarcts typically occur?

<p>Loose tissues where blood can collect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause for the occurrence of Red Infarcts?

<p>Venous outflow obstruction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is mentioned as an example of where White Infarcts occur?

<p>Heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do White Infarcts tend to be wedge-shaped?

<p>Due to the occluded vessel at the apex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common event associated with Shock as mentioned in the text?

<p>Extensive trauma or burns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of Shock on tissues as mentioned in the text?

<p>Cellular hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical picture of acute pulmonary edema?

<p>Congested alveolar vessels with transudate inside of the alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic pulmonary congestion?

<p>Thickened and fibrotic septa with hemosiderin-laden macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute passive congestion of the liver?

<p>Congested central veins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the reversible fatty change in periportal hepatocytes?

<p>Proximity to hepatic arterioles for better oxygenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the central regions of hepatic lobules appearing redbrown and slightly depressed in chronic passive liver congestion?

<p>Congested central veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do periportal hepatocytes experience less severe hypoxia during chronic passive liver congestion?

<p>Proximity to hepatic arterioles for better oxygenation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathologic counterpart of hemostasis?

<p>Thrombosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is NOT involved in both hemostasis and thrombosis?

<p>Red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an embolus?

<p>Intravascular mass carried by blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the color progression in the evolution of hemorrhage?

<p>Purple -&gt; Green -&gt; Brown (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of a thrombus according to the text?

<p>Dislodged thrombi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of elastic tissue in a thrombosed artery?

<p>Delineate the original lumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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