Evolution of Distributed Computing

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What is the main purpose of distributed computing, as described in the text?

To scale computing tasks without massive systems (correct)

To eliminate complex problems in computing

To reduce the need for computer science research

To revolutionize the healthcare industry

Which organization funded an early successful distributed computing project that led to the development of the Internet?

Microsoft Corporation

U.S. Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) (correct)

Apple Inc.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

What technological advancements are said to be built on the foundation of distributed computing, according to the text?

Cloud computing, virtualization, and big data (correct)

Medical devices

Social media platforms

Mobile applications

In which field did distributed computing have a significant impact, as stated in the text?

Healthcare Signup and view all the answers

What does the text imply about the importance of distributed computing in modern advancements?

It is foundational for recent trends like cloud computing and big data Signup and view all the answers

How long has distributed computing been present as a technology concept?

Over 50 years Signup and view all the answers

What has dramatically changed the economics of computing in recent years?

Virtualization Signup and view all the answers

In the context of computing, what is latency?

The delay within a system based on execution delays Signup and view all the answers

What technology enables achieving low latency in special cases like High Frequency Trading (HFT)?

Physical location of servers in one place Signup and view all the answers

What has significantly improved the manageability of computing systems?

Software automation solutions Signup and view all the answers

When might latency have little impact on customer satisfaction?

For companies analyzing results behind the scenes Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Internet protocols replace proprietary RPCs in distributed computing?

To enable computers to exchange information more effectively Signup and view all the answers

What foundation was established for modern distributed computing by the mid-1990s?

Internet protocols Signup and view all the answers

In what way can computing resources be distributed?

By having systems with separate memory collaborating to solve problems Signup and view all the answers

Why is it mentioned that not all problems require distributed computing?

Due to the presence of time constraints Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how distributed computing is used, as described in the text?

Exchanging information between loosely coupled computers Signup and view all the answers

What led to the flourishing use of networked computing according to the passage?

Replacement of primitive approaches with Internet protocols Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of adding the Internet Protocol (IP) to the network project?

It transitioned the network from a closed system to a potentially commercial platform. Signup and view all the answers

What development in 1992 allowed for the commercial use of networking technology for the first time?

Passing of the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act by the U.S. Congress Signup and view all the answers

What is RPC, as mentioned in the text?

A primitive mechanism for sending work to a remote computer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using a consistent model for distributed computing?

It avoids the need for customers to adopt and support various RPCs from different vendors. Signup and view all the answers

How did the commercialization of the Internet impact software infrastructure before 1992?

It led to a variety of RPC implementations from different vendors. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the Internet's role in distributed computing?

It is a global distributed network, showcasing the power of distributed computing. Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to ensure the right level of performance to handle big data?

Distributing components across a series of nodes Signup and view all the answers

In distributed computing, what is a node?

A unit within a cluster or rack with CPU, memory, and disk Signup and view all the answers

How does an organization typically accommodate the growth in a big data environment?

By adding more nodes into the cluster to scale out Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to send part of the big data analysis to different physical environments?

To improve fault tolerance and overall performance Signup and view all the answers

What role does scale play in dealing with growing requirements in a big data environment?

Scaling out by adding more nodes into a cluster as needed Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes successful big data analysis from failure according to the text?

The management of where tasks are executed and how they are managed Signup and view all the answers