Designing Distributed and Internet Systems
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Questions and Answers

What is one key difference between file server and client/server environments in a LAN?

  • Client/server systems are suitable for a single-user environment.
  • Client/server environments allow for distributed processing. (correct)
  • File server systems store all data locally.
  • File server systems require more complex architecture.

    • Which of the following describes cloud computing?

  • A traditional server model with higher maintenance costs.
  • A system that relies on personal devices for storage.
  • A model that enables scalable resources over the internet. (correct)
  • A solution that provides restricted access to data.

    • What is a significant challenge when designing distributed systems compared to single-location systems?

  • Reduced need for reliability.
  • Higher cost of technology.
  • Simplified management of business processes.
  • Increased opportunity for component failure. (correct)

    • What is the primary function of a file server in a LAN environment?

    <p>To manage file operations shared by client PCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document consolidates system design information for distributed systems?

    <p>Consolidated design document.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant limitation of file servers concerning data movement?

    <p>Entire data tables must be transferred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a client/server architecture, which component is responsible for data storage and query processing?

    <p>Database engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary component used in a Local Area Network (LAN)?

    <p>Cabling, hardware, and software for connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of client/server architecture allows for centralized database management?

    <p>Application processing division between client and server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important aspect to consider when contrasting alternative IS architectures?

    <p>The processing needs per site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured when designing distributed systems?

    <p>Reliability, availability, and performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of the client in a client/server database system?

    <p>It provides user interface and data manipulation functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complicates decentralized data control in a file server environment?

    <p>Record concurrency control and recovery issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a characteristic of LAN-based file server architecture?

    <p>Requires constant internet connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the database engine in a client/server architecture?

    <p>It provides shared access functions for data processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true about client/server architectures?

    <p>All data is processed on the client side only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an Application Program Interface (API)?

    <p>To ensure standardized interactions between software components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benefit of a client/server architecture?

    <p>Improves response time by processing close to data sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In client/server architecture, what function does 'data management' serve?

    <p>Managing interaction between software, files, and databases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an application server in a client/server architecture?

    <p>A computing server where data analysis functions reside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'virtualization' refer to in client/server architecture?

    <p>The act of creating virtual versions of computing capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for presenting data to the user in a system?

    <p>Data presentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the application program interface (API) play concerning different databases?

    <p>It enables standardized communication across diverse DBMS types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does client/server architecture affect network traffic?

    <p>It reduces network traffic by processing data closer to the source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of cloud computing refers to the ability to scale resources according to demand?

    <p>Rapid Elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What service model provides users with the capability to run their own applications using tools provided by the service provider?

    <p>Platform as a Service (PaaS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key issue to consider when choosing a cloud service provider?

    <p>Customer Support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern when evaluating the diversity of offerings from a cloud service provider?

    <p>The services available now and in the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'measured service' in cloud computing refer to?

    <p>The documentation of service usage for billing purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of middleware in a three-tiered client/server architecture?

    <p>It facilitates communication between data management, presentation, and analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a thin client?

    <p>A device that relies on the server for processing and data storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using a three-tiered client/server architecture for application development?

    <p>Application code is easier to customize and maintain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cloud computing typically minimize costs for customers?

    <p>By charging based on usage rather than fixed expenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cloud computing, what does utility computing refer to?

    <p>Resources are rented on an as-needed basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an information systems infrastructure?

    <p>To enhance competitive strategies and decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between data analysis and user interface in a three-tiered client/server architecture?

    <p>They are completely independent which allows for flexibility in changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of applications partitioned in a three-tier client/server model?

    <p>Each layer has a distinct role in the overall application architecture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Learning Objectives

    • Differentiate between file server and client/server environments, their applications in a local area network (LAN).
    • Understand cloud computing and modern trends addressing infrastructure challenges.
    • Recognize standards influencing Internet system design, consistency options, and site management influencing customer trust and security.

    Designing Distributed and Internet Systems

    • The design process resembles single-location systems but includes unique challenges due to multi-location deployment.
    • Increased failure risk arises from complexity and quantity of components involved.
    • Key design factors include reliability, availability, survivability, and performance.

    Deliverables and Outcomes

    • Consolidated system design documentation includes:
      • Descriptions of each site and data usage.
      • Overviews of business processes and alternative information systems architectures to meet requirements.

    Local Area Networks (LANs)

    • LAN defines the cabling, hardware, and software connecting workstations and file servers within a limited geographical area, typically within a single building or campus.
    • Two types of LAN systems: file server architecture and client/server architecture.

    File Servers

    • A file server manages file operations shared among client PCs within a LAN.
    • Limitations include excessive data movement, need for high-powered workstations, and complicating data control mechanisms.

    Client/Server Architecture

    • Centralizes database operations in a server while clients focus on user interface tasks.
    • Divides application processing between client (user interface) and server (data storage, query processing).
    • The database engine on the server performs database management functions for shared access.

    Application Program Interface (API)

    • APIs facilitate interoperability by providing standardized building blocks for common system capabilities, supporting various database management systems.

    Advantages of Client/Server Architecture

    • Enhances processing efficiency by locating processing closer to data sources, resulting in improved response times and reduced network traffic.
    • Promotes graphic user interface (GUI) usability and supports the concept of open systems.

    Advanced Client/Server Architectures

    • Applications may distribute functions across clients and servers in diverse manners.
    • Middleware integrates various applications and devices, supporting three-tiered architectures featuring data management, presentation, and analysis.

    Cloud Computing

    • Cloud computing delivers applications over the Internet, shifting hardware and software resource investment from customers to service providers, based on a pay-per-use model.
    • Examples include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Simple Storage Service (S3), and Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).

    Cloud Characteristics

    • Key traits include On-Demand Self-Service, Rapid Elasticity, Broad Network Access, Resource Pooling, and Measured Service.

    Service Models in Cloud Computing

    • Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Offers fundamental processing, storage, and networking capabilities.
    • Platform as a Service (PaaS): Provides tools for customers to run their own applications.
    • Software as a Service (SaaS): Delivers applications through a service provider.

    Managing Cloud Services

    • Consider various factors for choosing service providers:
      • Availability and reliability of service.
      • Scalability and potential limits of the cloud system.
      • Evaluate provider viability for long-term usage.
      • Security, privacy, and compliance with regulations (e.g., Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA).
      • Diversity of offerings and interoperability of services.
      • Cost comparison between cloud solutions and internal infrastructures.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz explores the key concepts in designing distributed systems and local area networks (LANs). Participants will learn about the differences between file server and client/server environments, cloud computing trends, and design factors like reliability and performance. Master the standards that influence Internet system design and improve your understanding of infrastructure challenges.

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