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Questions and Answers
What is the primary goal of crime prevention?
What is the primary goal of crime prevention?
What is the term for the discovery of a crime by the police?
What is the term for the discovery of a crime by the police?
What is the legal term for taking a person into custody?
What is the legal term for taking a person into custody?
What is a warrant of arrest?
What is a warrant of arrest?
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When can an arrest be made?
When can an arrest be made?
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What is the purpose of a warrant of arrest?
What is the purpose of a warrant of arrest?
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What is the role of patrol officers in the police department?
What is the role of patrol officers in the police department?
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How long is a warrant of arrest valid?
How long is a warrant of arrest valid?
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What is the primary responsibility of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)?
What is the primary responsibility of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)?
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When was the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) reorganized into the Bureau of Investigation?
When was the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) reorganized into the Bureau of Investigation?
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Who assisted in organizing the Division of Investigation (DI) of the NBI?
Who assisted in organizing the Division of Investigation (DI) of the NBI?
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What is the rank of the Director General of the PDEA?
What is the rank of the Director General of the PDEA?
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What is the principle of punishment in the Code of Hammurabi?
What is the principle of punishment in the Code of Hammurabi?
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What is the character of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)?
What is the character of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)?
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Who appoints the Director General of the PDEA?
Who appoints the Director General of the PDEA?
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Who is credited with being the first codifier of laws?
Who is credited with being the first codifier of laws?
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What is the scope of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)?
What is the scope of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)?
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What was the primary material used to carve the Code of Hammurabi?
What was the primary material used to carve the Code of Hammurabi?
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Which of the following codes is known for its severity?
Which of the following codes is known for its severity?
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What is the name of the act that created the PDEA?
What is the name of the act that created the PDEA?
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What was the outcome of Solon's legislative powers?
What was the outcome of Solon's legislative powers?
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What is the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law?
What is the significance of the Twelve Tables in Roman law?
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What is the most likely form of punishment in primitive tribes?
What is the most likely form of punishment in primitive tribes?
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What is the principle of punishment that Solon believed in?
What is the principle of punishment that Solon believed in?
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During the arraignment stage, what is the primary purpose of the judge or clerk of court?
During the arraignment stage, what is the primary purpose of the judge or clerk of court?
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What is the result of a guilty plea?
What is the result of a guilty plea?
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What is the primary purpose of the pre-trial stage?
What is the primary purpose of the pre-trial stage?
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What is the requirement for the accused to be present during the arraignment stage?
What is the requirement for the accused to be present during the arraignment stage?
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What is the purpose of plea bargaining during the pre-trial stage?
What is the purpose of plea bargaining during the pre-trial stage?
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What is the result of a not guilty plea?
What is the result of a not guilty plea?
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What is the purpose of marking evidence for identification during the pre-trial stage?
What is the purpose of marking evidence for identification during the pre-trial stage?
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What is the stage where the issues are joined in a criminal action?
What is the stage where the issues are joined in a criminal action?
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What is amnesty in the context of the criminal justice system?
What is amnesty in the context of the criminal justice system?
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What is the purpose of parole in the criminal justice system?
What is the purpose of parole in the criminal justice system?
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What is probation in the context of the criminal justice system?
What is probation in the context of the criminal justice system?
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What is the role of the community as the fifth pillar of the criminal justice system?
What is the role of the community as the fifth pillar of the criminal justice system?
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What is the main responsibility of the community in relation to law enforcement?
What is the main responsibility of the community in relation to law enforcement?
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What is the purpose of the Probation Law of 1976?
What is the purpose of the Probation Law of 1976?
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What is the Indeterminate Sentence Law?
What is the Indeterminate Sentence Law?
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What is the role of the court in granting probation?
What is the role of the court in granting probation?
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Study Notes
Evolution of Criminal Laws
- Primitive tribes punished crimes with ostracism, expulsion, and avenging by the victim or their family
- Code of Hammurabi (18th century BC) was the first comprehensive law code, carved on stone, and introduced the "law of talion" or "an eye for an eye"
- The Hittites existed two centuries after Hammurabi and conquered Babylon
- Code of Drakon (7th century BC) was known for its severity
- Laws of Solon (7th century BC) repealed the Code of Drakon, except for the law on homicide, and introduced laws that applied equally to all citizens
Criminal Justice System
- The Philippine National Police enforces laws and ordinances, including the Revised Penal Code, special penal laws, and city/municipal ordinances
- Crime prevention eliminates the opportunity for crime to occur
- Police patrol is the backbone of the police department
- Crime detection is the discovery of a crime, reported by victims, witnesses, or police
- Criminal apprehension is the legal term for arrest
- Arrest can be made with or without a warrant, on any day and at any time
- Warrant of arrest is an order issued by a judge, commanding a peace officer to take a person into custody
Circumstances of Warrantless Arrest
- A peace officer or private person can arrest without a warrant in certain circumstances, such as consented warrantless search, customs search, stop and frisk search, and exigent and emergency circumstances
Criminal Investigation
- National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) was established in 1936 and is a government entity under the Department of Justice
- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was created in 2002 and is responsible for enforcing laws on dangerous drugs and controlled substances
Criminal Proceedings
- A criminal proceeding consists of five main stages: arraignment, pre-trial, trial, judgment, and appeal
- Arraignment is the reading of the criminal complaint or information to the defendant, and the defendant's plea is either guilty or not guilty
Pre-trial
- A conference called by the judge, requiring the presence of both the prosecution and the accused, to discuss plea bargaining, stipulation of facts, marking of evidence, waiver of objections, and modification of the order of trial
Amnesty and Parole
- Amnesty is a special form of pardon exercised by the President, extended to a certain class of people, usually political offenders, and requires Congressional approval
- Parole is a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release based on individual response and progress within the correctional institution and are provided with necessary control and guidance
Probation
- Probation is a disposition under which a defendant after conviction and sentence is released subject to conditions imposed by the court and under the supervision of a probation officer
- Probation is a privilege granted by the court to a person convicted of a criminal offense to remain in the community instead of going to prison
Community as the Fifth Pillar of the Criminal Justice System
- The community plays a vital role in law enforcement, with responsibilities that include supporting authorities in addressing law and order concerns
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Description
Explore the development of criminal laws from primitive tribes to ancient civilizations like Babylon and Greece, including the Code of Hammurabi and the Laws of Solon.
