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Questions and Answers
What is a recommended practice for designing a flipchart page?
What is an advantage of using transparencies in a presentation?
How should you prepare a transparency?
What should you do when using an overhead projector?
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What should you avoid when creating a flipchart page?
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What is a recommended way to store transparencies?
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What should you do before using an overhead projector?
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What is a disadvantage of using transparencies?
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What is an advantage of using a writing board in a classroom?
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What is a disadvantage of using a writing board?
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What is a tip for using a flipchart?
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What is an advantage of using a flipchart?
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What is a tip for using a writing board?
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What is a disadvantage of using a writing board?
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What is a characteristic of the writing board?
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What is an advantage of using a flipchart?
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What is the primary consideration when presenting to a group using a projector?
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What is the recommended word limit for text slides?
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What should be done to prepare slides for a presentation?
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Why are slide projectors more expensive than overhead projectors?
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What should be done to ensure the slide projector is set up correctly?
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What is an advantage of using videotapes in a presentation?
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Why should you avoid rushing through a series of slides?
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What should be done to ensure legibility of the material on the slide?
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Study Notes
Audio-Visual Media
- The main types of audio-visual media are:
- Writing boards
- Flipcharts
- OHP transparencies
- 35 mm slides
- Videotapes
- Models/real objects/samples/shapes
- Audiotapes
- Audio-conferencing
- Video-conferencing
- Digital projectors
- Smart classrooms
- Computers (software and storage media)
- The Internet
Flipcharts
- To effectively use flipcharts, use:
- Wide-tipped pens or markers
- Large block letters
- Different colored pens
- Headings, boxes, cartoons, and borders
- Bullets to delineate items on the page
- Leave plenty of white space
- Advantages of flipcharts:
- Available in most training rooms
- Easy to move from room to room
- Do not require electricity
- Several may be used simultaneously
- Easy to use and inexpensive
- Suitable for use by trainers and participants
- Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists
- Pages can be prepared in advance
- Pages can be removed and taped on the walls
Transparencies
- Advantages of transparencies:
- The projector is simple to use
- Can be used in almost any training room with electricity
- Can be used with the classroom lights on
- Can be prepared in advance to save time
- Are inexpensive
- Can be prepared quickly and easily
- Can be used repeatedly
- Disadvantages of transparencies:
- Cannot project text and images directly from the printed page
- Be careful not to block the participants' view of the screen
- To produce transparencies, use:
- Pens to create text or drawings on plastic or acetate sheets
- A copy machine with transparency film designed for copiers
- A computer and printer
- When preparing transparencies:
- Limit the information to one main idea and about 5-6 lines of large type
- Use large lettering
- Print text
- Make graphics and drawings large enough to be seen
- Mount transparencies in frames or insert them in plastic pockets
- Number the transparencies
- Store the transparencies in a box, envelope, or a "pocket" made from folders or plastic
Using the Overhead Projector
- When using the overhead projector:
- Locate and check the operation of the on/off switch
- Have an extra projector bulb
- Focus the projector and check the position of the image
- Turn the projector on after the transparency is placed on the glass
- Turn off the projector before removing the transparency
- Move away from the projector so participants can see
- Face the participants, not the screen, while talking
- Show one point at a time
- Use a pointer or pencil to focus attention
- Allow plenty of time for the participants to read what is on the screen
Slides
- Advantages of slides:
- Relatively inexpensive and easy to produce
- Can be made locally by the trainer
- Are good for showing individual steps of a procedure or close-ups of equipment
- Can be shown in a fairly light room
- Can be used with audiotapes to produce a slide show with narration
- Disadvantages of slides:
- Slide projectors are much more expensive than overhead projectors
- Slide projectors are more fragile than overhead projectors and do not tolerate voltage fluctuations as well
- Slides are not updated as easily or produced as inexpensively as transparencies
- When preparing slides:
- Limit each slide to one main idea
- Text slides should be short and concise
- No more than 35 words (approximately five lines of text)
- Legibility of the material on the slide is crucial
- Number the slides in pencil or pen on the mounting frame
- Mark or "spot" slides before placing in the tray
Using the Slide Projector
- When using the slide projector:
- Arrange the room so all participants can see the screen
- Set up and test the slide projector
- Make sure there is an extra projector bulb
- Locate the focus control, check the focus, and position the image on the screen
- Run through all the slides in advance
- Determine if all or some of the lights can be left on
- During the presentation, avoid rushing through a series of slides
Videotapes
- Advantages of using videotapes:
- Capture events the eye alone would not see
- Steps of a procedure or technique can be shown by slowing down the videotape
- Videotapes provide better color and detail
- Videotapes can be prepared by the trainer to reflect local conditions
Writing Boards
- Advantages of the writing board:
- Available in most training rooms
- Does not require electricity
- Easy to use and inexpensive
- Suitable for use by both clinical trainers and participants
- Excellent for brainstorming, problem solving, making lists, and other participatory activities
- Disadvantages of the writing board:
- The board cannot hold a large amount of material
- Writing on the board is time-consuming
- It is difficult to write on the board and talk to the participants
- The board can get messy
- There is no permanent record of information presented
- Tips for the writing board:
- Keep the board clean
- Use chalk or pens that can be seen
- Make text and drawings large enough to be seen by all
- Prepare complex drawings in advance
- Underline headings and important or unfamiliar words
- Do not talk while facing the board
- Do not block the participants' view
- Allow time for participants to copy information from the board
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Description
Explore the various types of audio-visual media used in education, including writing boards, flipcharts, and digital projectors. Learn effective techniques for using flipcharts in the classroom.