Evolution Exam 2: Experiments
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Questions and Answers

What behavior does the tephritid fly exhibit to deter predation?

  • Mimicking wing markings (correct)
  • Spicurs mimicking
  • Wing waving
  • Jumping when threatened

    • Which of the following is NOT a tactic used by the tephritid fly to deter predation?

  • Jumping when threatened
  • Displaying wing markings
  • Flapping wings rapidly (correct)
  • Mimicking spicurs

    • What purpose do the wing markings serve for the tephritid fly?

  • Attracting prey
  • Camouflaging from predators
  • Detering predators (correct)
  • Mimicking threat jumping

    • Which behavior of the tephritid fly is most likely to confuse a predator?

    <p>Mimicking spicurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the tephritid fly to mimic threat jumping spicurs?

    <p>To deter predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the experimental design described in the text?

    <p>The impact of temperature on physiological performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is a key finding related to the distortion curve presented by Huey et al (1989) regarding snakes?

    <p>Snakes have an adaptive response to temperatures between 28°C and 30°C.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does randomization play a role in the experimental design mentioned in the text?

    <p>Randomization helps reduce bias in temperature selection by the animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term 'precision' primarily refer to?

    <p>The accuracy and consistency in replicating experimental conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do animals in the experiment avoid thermal bias according to the text?

    <p>By choosing temperatures based on their physiological performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do more flowers offer an advantage in seed production for a plant?

    <p>To increase the likelihood of pollen transfer by female bees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does male-like deceptive pollination benefit a plant in terms of fitness?

    <p>It trades off longer visits by male bees for pollen transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Agren's (1995) study on seed production in plants?

    <p>It highlights the trade-off between male and female pollinators in seed production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a plant benefit from being pollenated by female bees rather than male bees?

    <p>Female bees visit flowers more frequently for increased pollen transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of deception in male-like pollination strategies with bees?

    <p>To trade off longer visits by male bees for efficient pollen transfer to female bees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the color red in the context of flower selection?

    <p>It attracts more male pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of physiological constraints impact flower selection?

    <p>It leads to a compromise in pollen deposition on female flowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of flower selection, how does having more green flowers instead of red flowers impact pollinators?

    <p>Pollinators will be more attracted to green flowers due to their color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of red flowers impact seed production in plants?

    <p>Red flowers result in a directional change in forage patterns among pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the growth pattern of flower branches impact pollen deposition?

    <p>Certain growth patterns may lead to a compromise in pollen deposition on female flowers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the metabolically cheaper aspect of green flowers play in flower selection?

    <p>It allows the plant to produce more seeds by saving energy from flower maintenance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the experiment described in the text?

    <p>Combination genetic survival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation is shown in relation to flower retention?

    <p>Genetic adaptation shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, what is the significance of the 90-100 flowers being viable hosts?

    <p>Shift beetle genetically feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term 'Shift beetle genetically feeding' primarily refer to?

    <p>Variation and pollinator selection trait change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do physiological constraints affect the evolution of species, based on the text?

    <p>Impossible for species to evolve favored plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conclusion drawn from the experiment conducted based on the text?

    <p>'Combination genetic survival' is the key to host plants found species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest about genetic variation in host species related to the examined beetle?

    <p>Host species related closely show genetic variation across different species of beetles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text imply that genetic relatedness is demonstrated in the examined beetle and its host species?

    <p>The genetic relatedness is indicated by shifts in genetic variation within the beetle's host species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the genetic variation patterns in host species from the information provided in the text?

    <p>The genetic variation patterns in host species are likely to show a consistent relationship with the examined beetle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is suggested about the genetic relationship between the examined beetle and its most genetically relative host species?

    <p>The identified most genetically relative host species provide strong support for a close genetic relationship with the beetle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest a connection between host species' variation shifts and the examined beetle?

    <p>Variation shifts in host species reflect a potential connection in genetic relationship with the examined beetle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender of the Galapagos iguanas tends to be larger based on the information provided?

    <p>Males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about the survival rate of male iguanas compared to females on the islands according to the text?

    <p>Males have higher survival rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the size differences between male and female iguanas on the Galapagos Islands impact their expected medium size?

    <p>Male iguanas are expected to be larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do male iguanas on the islands differ from males of other iguanas according to the text?

    <p>They are larger in size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do medium-sized iguanas on the Galapagos Islands compare to other iguanas in terms of gender and size?

    <p>Males are larger and females are smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reproductive strategy of male iguanas in the text?

    <p>Ejaculating to their maximum potential in one copulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male iguanas on the islands differ from males of other iguanas according to the text?

    <p>By having a larger reproductive investment in one copulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common behavior observed in male iguanas in the text for reproductive success?

    <p>Holding territories and mating with multiple females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male iguanas increase their reproductive success as mentioned in the text?

    <p>By ejaculating to their maximum potential and mating with a large number of females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant reproductive behavior of male iguanas as described in the text?

    <p>Fighting with bites for territory success</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential trait of red-collared tails among female Pryice widow birds according to the text?

    <p>Smaller size compared to males</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the experimental group of Pryice widow birds control their territories as discussed in the text?

    <p>By using vocalization and song</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size difference exists between the male and female Pryice widow birds in terms of their red-collared tails?

    <p>20 cm to 12.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific trait do female Pryice widow birds actively trim on their plumage tails, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Red feathers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male Pryice widow birds respond to females trimming their plumage tails according to the text?

    <p>They mimic the trimming behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential evolutionary advantage of female tree frogs preferring longer calls in mate selection?

    <p>Longer calls result in more genetically optimal offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the study suggest that females could evolve a preference for longer calls in tree frogs?

    <p>Females prefer longer calls due to preexisting sensory biases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does genetic relatedness play in the female tree frog's preference for longer calls?

    <p>Genetic relatedness influences the evolution of a preference for longer calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might males enhance their calls with longer duration even if it does not directly benefit survival?

    <p>To match preexisting mating displays.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do biases in the female tree frog's preferences contribute to the evolution of call traits?

    <p>'Long' and 'short' biases favor genetic drift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely impact of female tree frogs evolving closer genetically by preferring certain male call traits?

    <p>'Short' and 'long' call preferences becoming more varied.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the study by Welch et al. (1998) suggest about the relationship between call duration and fitness in gray tree frogs?

    <p>Longer calls always result in higher fitness levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the genetic relatedness of female tree frogs and their mate choices explained in the text?

    <p>Preference for certain male call traits is due to genetic similarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the selection of green flowers instead of red flowers impact pollinators according to the text?

    <p>Green flowers facilitate better pollen deposition for pollinators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might gray tree frogs benefit from having specific genes related to call duration?

    <p>To have a better chance of being chosen by females during mating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the preference for longer calls in female tree frogs affect the evolution of call traits in males?

    <p>Longer calls become more prevalent due to female preference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior significantly benefits female copepods while feeding, according to the text?

    <p>Trembling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolved behavior in male copepods is noted in the text to potentially determine clutches?

    <p>Clutching at 8-45 Cycles/sec</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason for male copepods to evolve trembling behavior towards females?

    <p>To facilitate courtship once of Humbling evolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be inferred about the reproductive strategy of male copepods based on the text?

    <p>They showcase trembling behavior towards females for courtship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text suggest that female copepods benefit from male presence during feeding?

    <p>By significantly benefiting from trembling behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the text imply that male copepods determine clutches?

    <p>By evolving behavior involving clutching at specific frequencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the combat observed between male orchid bees and the behavior exhibited with Catasetum flowers?

    <p>To win a reward of pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male Romero ochraceum orchid bees behave towards the large sticky pollinarium flowers in comparison to female bees?

    <p>They compete with other male bees to reach these flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significant difference in behavior between male and female bees when it comes to visiting Catasetum flowers?

    <p>Males transfer pollinaria while females do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the interactions between male orchid bees and Catasetum flowers, specifically in relation to winning battles for pollen rewards?

    <p>Males compete to obtain pollen rewards from the flowers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, what is the primary focus of the male orchid bees when interacting with showy Catasetum flowers?

    <p>Transferring pollinaria for a pollen reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor driving selection among male Sexual flowers traits according to the text?

    <p>Female competition for mates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do male iguanas on the islands differ from males of other iguanas based on the information provided?

    <p>They display deceptive pollination behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential trait of red-collared tails among female Pryice widow birds as suggested in the text?

    <p>Preference for certain male call traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the preference for longer calls in female tree frogs impact the evolution of call traits in males based on the text?

    <p>It influences selection among male Sexual flowers traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolved behavior in male copepods is noted in the text to potentially determine clutches?

    <p>Determining clutches</p> Signup and view all the answers

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