Evolution and Speciation Quiz

What are the two major groups of plants and how are they different

______________________ evolve not _________________________

1. all species tend to_____________________
2. populations show extensive ____________________
3. many of these traits are

Thus, individuals whose inherited traits adapt them best to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce than their peers that lack those traits. This leads to

This differential reproduction can lead to gradual changes_______________________, with good or adaptive traits accumulating over time.

What is natural selection?

What is the gene pool?

What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Mostly parenchyma  Fills in space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue  Functions in photosynthesis, storage, suppor

Examples  Trees, shrubs  Seed leaves  Two cotyledons  Leaf veins  branched  Stems  Vascular bundles in a ring  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5  Roots  Taproot, deep

Buds  Undeveloped shoots  terminal and axillary The terminal bud produces_______ that _______ the growth of the ______ buds. This results in the plant growing _______

If you pinch off the terminal bud, axillary buds ______ and flower production will _______

Anchors the plant  Absorbs water and minerals  Stores food  Root hairs – outgrowth of an epidermal cell on a root that increases the root’s absorptive surface area.

horizontal stem above ground

horizontal stems below ground

enlarged rhizomes

Most abundant  Functions in food storage and photosynthesis

Functions in support

Rigid walls contain lignin  makes wood hard  Function in support

Transports water from roots to leaves

Contains water-conducting cells  Transports water from roots  leaves

xylem

Outer covering that protects the plant and conserves water

xylem + phloem

____________________– a change in allele frequencies in a population over time

What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?

____________________– the total collection of genes in a population at any one time

5 conditions necessary for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:

1. ------ must not occur to introduce new alleles into population
2. There must be no ----- to increase variablilty in the gene pool
3. A very ------ ------ size is required to ensure allele frequency is not changed through genetic drift
4. Mating must be ------ in the population
5. -------- ---------- must not occur to alter gene frequencies

What is fitness from a biological perspective?

1. _________________________ - a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.

genetic drift resulting from an event that drastically reduces population size is?

the colonization of a new location by a small group of individuals is called?

_________________________ - the movement of individuals into or out of a population

Microevolution can lead to _____________________

the degree of adaptation that can occur is limited by the amount and kind of ___________________________ in the population

this genetic variation is the result of ___________________ and

Endangered species often have _____________________________

Sexual selection is also called ___________________, where individuals of one sex are choosy

When sexual selection produces marked differences between the sexes, the distinction in appearance is called __________________________

Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited disorders persist in populations)

• adaptations are often __________________

selection can only edit ______________________ it can not create new traits

Stabilizing selection--------

Directional selection favors ______________, its common during environmental change

Disruptive / diversifying selection favors ___________, occurs when environmental conditions are patchy or variable

What is a species? a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and ______________________________

What keeps species separate? ____zygotic barriers and ______zygotic barriers

_________ barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species

______________ isolation-mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times

__________Isolation - populations live in different habitats example

_____________isolation - species do not recognize or are not attracted to another species’ behavior

_________isolation - structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

____________isolation - male and/or female gametes die before uniting or fail to unite

________zygotic - barriers that prevent the development of fertile adults

reduced hybrid ________hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

reduced hybrid___________hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to reach sexual maturity

Hybrid_______offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile

___________speciation is a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier between mutants and the parent population

_________ radiation the emergence of numerous species form a common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments

_____________is the________accumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time

_______________ punctuation proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, its population will become stable and show little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. significant evolutionary change occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis

How many mass extinction events have happened in the history of earth?

__________bear seeds in cones

___________produce seeds enclosed in fruits.

The two groups are named after the number of “first leaves” on the plant embryo.  These seed leaves are called________

Examples  Grass, corn, lilies  Seed leaves  One cotyledon  Leaf veins  Parallel veins  Stems  Complex vascular bundles  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 3  Roots  Fibrous, shallow

____________ timescape a system of chronological dating that uses the rock record of Earth to represent time ². It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages

What are the major causes of microevolution?

What are reproductive barriers?

What are the mechanisms of speciation?

__________speciastion is the separation of a population from other populations of the same species (usually due to geographic separation

What is the gene pool?

What are the major causes of microevolution?

What is sexual selection?

What is a species?

What is the mechanism proposed by Darwin for evolution?

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

What is the gene pool?

What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

What are the major causes of microevolution?

What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers?

What is the geological timescale?