Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the two major groups of plants and how are they different
What are the two major groups of plants and how are they different
Gymnosperms and angiosperms
______________________ evolve not _________________________
______________________ evolve not _________________________
- all species tend to_____________________
- populations show extensive ____________________
- many of these traits are
- all species tend to_____________________
- populations show extensive ____________________
- many of these traits are
Thus, individuals whose inherited traits adapt them best to their environment are most likely to
survive and reproduce than their peers that lack those traits.
This leads to
Thus, individuals whose inherited traits adapt them best to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce than their peers that lack those traits. This leads to
This differential reproduction can lead to gradual changes_______________________, with
good or adaptive traits accumulating over time.
This differential reproduction can lead to gradual changes_______________________, with good or adaptive traits accumulating over time.
What is natural selection?
What is natural selection?
What is the gene pool?
What is the gene pool?
What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
Mostly parenchyma
Fills in space between the epidermis and the
vascular tissue
Functions in photosynthesis, storage, suppor
Mostly parenchyma Fills in space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue Functions in photosynthesis, storage, suppor
Examples
Trees, shrubs
Seed leaves
Two cotyledons
Leaf veins
branched
Stems
Vascular bundles in a ring
Flowers
Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Roots
Taproot, deep
Examples Trees, shrubs Seed leaves Two cotyledons Leaf veins branched Stems Vascular bundles in a ring Flowers Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5 Roots Taproot, deep
Buds
Undeveloped shoots terminal and axillary
The terminal bud produces_______
that _______ the growth
of the ______ buds. This results in
the plant growing _______
Buds Undeveloped shoots terminal and axillary The terminal bud produces_______ that _______ the growth of the ______ buds. This results in the plant growing _______
If you pinch off the terminal bud,
axillary buds ______ and flower
production will _______
If you pinch off the terminal bud, axillary buds ______ and flower production will _______
Anchors the plant
Absorbs water and minerals
Stores food
Root hairs – outgrowth of an
epidermal cell on a root that
increases the root’s absorptive
surface area.
Anchors the plant Absorbs water and minerals Stores food Root hairs – outgrowth of an epidermal cell on a root that increases the root’s absorptive surface area.
horizontal stem
above ground
horizontal stem above ground
horizontal stems
below ground
horizontal stems below ground
enlarged rhizomes
enlarged rhizomes
Most abundant
Functions in food storage and photosynthesis
Most abundant Functions in food storage and photosynthesis
Functions in support
Functions in support
Rigid walls contain lignin makes wood hard
Function in support
Rigid walls contain lignin makes wood hard Function in support
Transports water
from roots to
leaves
Transports water from roots to leaves
Contains water-conducting cells
Transports water from roots leaves
Contains water-conducting cells Transports water from roots leaves
xylem
xylem
Outer covering that protects the plant and
conserves water
Outer covering that protects the plant and conserves water
xylem + phloem
xylem + phloem
____________________– a change in allele frequencies in a population over time
____________________– a change in allele frequencies in a population over time
What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?
What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?
____________________– the total collection of genes in a population at any one time
____________________– the total collection of genes in a population at any one time
5 conditions necessary for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:
- ------ must not occur to introduce new alleles into population
- There must be no ----- to increase variablilty in the gene pool
- A very ------ ------ size is required to ensure allele frequency is not changed through genetic drift
- Mating must be ------ in the population
- -------- ---------- must not occur to alter gene frequencies
5 conditions necessary for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:
- ------ must not occur to introduce new alleles into population
- There must be no ----- to increase variablilty in the gene pool
- A very ------ ------ size is required to ensure allele frequency is not changed through genetic drift
- Mating must be ------ in the population
- -------- ---------- must not occur to alter gene frequencies
What is fitness from a biological perspective?
What is fitness from a biological perspective?
- _________________________ - a change in the gene pool of a small population due
to chance.
- _________________________ - a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.
genetic drift resulting from an event that
drastically reduces population size is?
genetic drift resulting from an event that drastically reduces population size is?
the colonization of a new location by a small
group of individuals is called?
the colonization of a new location by a small group of individuals is called?
_________________________ - the movement of individuals into or out of a
population
_________________________ - the movement of individuals into or out of a population
Microevolution can lead to _____________________
Microevolution can lead to _____________________
the degree of adaptation that can occur is limited by the amount and kind of
___________________________ in the population
the degree of adaptation that can occur is limited by the amount and kind of ___________________________ in the population
this genetic variation is the result of ___________________ and
this genetic variation is the result of ___________________ and
Endangered species often have _____________________________
Endangered species often have _____________________________
Sexual selection is also called ___________________, where individuals of one sex are choosy
Sexual selection is also called ___________________, where individuals of one sex are choosy
When sexual selection produces marked differences between the sexes, the distinction
in appearance is called __________________________
When sexual selection produces marked differences between the sexes, the distinction in appearance is called __________________________
Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited
disorders persist in populations)
- adaptations are often __________________
Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited disorders persist in populations)
- adaptations are often __________________
selection can only edit ______________________ it can not create new traits
selection can only edit ______________________ it can not create new traits
Stabilizing selection--------
Stabilizing selection--------
Directional selection favors ______________, its common during environmental change
Directional selection favors ______________, its common during environmental change
Disruptive / diversifying selection favors ___________, occurs when environmental conditions are patchy or variable
Disruptive / diversifying selection favors ___________, occurs when environmental conditions are patchy or variable
What is a species?
a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to
interbreed and ______________________________
What is a species? a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and ______________________________
What keeps species separate? ____zygotic barriers and ______zygotic barriers
What keeps species separate? ____zygotic barriers and ______zygotic barriers
_________ barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species
_________ barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species
______________ isolation-mating or flowering occurs at different
seasons or times
______________ isolation-mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times
__________Isolation - populations live in different habitats
example
__________Isolation - populations live in different habitats example
_____________isolation - species do not recognize or are not
attracted to another species’ behavior
_____________isolation - species do not recognize or are not attracted to another species’ behavior
_________isolation - structural differences in genitalia or flowers
prevent copulation or pollen transfer
_________isolation - structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer
____________isolation - male and/or female gametes die before
uniting or fail to unite
____________isolation - male and/or female gametes die before uniting or fail to unite
________zygotic - barriers that prevent the development of fertile adults
________zygotic - barriers that prevent the development of fertile adults
reduced hybrid ________hybrids fail to produce functional gametes
reduced hybrid ________hybrids fail to produce functional gametes
reduced hybrid___________hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to reach sexual
maturity
reduced hybrid___________hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to reach sexual maturity
Hybrid_______offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile
Hybrid_______offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile
___________speciation is a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier
between mutants and the parent population
___________speciation is a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier between mutants and the parent population
_________ radiation the emergence of numerous species form a
common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments
_________ radiation the emergence of numerous species form a common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments
_____________is the________accumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time
_____________is the________accumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time
_______________ punctuation proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, its population will become stable and show little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. significant evolutionary change occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis
_______________ punctuation proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, its population will become stable and show little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. significant evolutionary change occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis
How many mass extinction events have happened in the history of earth?
How many mass extinction events have happened in the history of earth?
__________bear seeds in cones
__________bear seeds in cones
___________produce seeds enclosed in fruits.
___________produce seeds enclosed in fruits.
The two groups are named after the
number of “first leaves” on the plant
embryo.
These seed leaves are called________
The two groups are named after the number of “first leaves” on the plant embryo. These seed leaves are called________
Examples
Grass, corn, lilies
Seed leaves
One cotyledon
Leaf veins
Parallel veins
Stems
Complex vascular bundles
Flowers
Floral parts in multiples of 3
Roots
Fibrous, shallow
Examples Grass, corn, lilies Seed leaves One cotyledon Leaf veins Parallel veins Stems Complex vascular bundles Flowers Floral parts in multiples of 3 Roots Fibrous, shallow
____________ timescape a system of chronological dating that uses the rock record of Earth to represent time ². It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages
____________ timescape a system of chronological dating that uses the rock record of Earth to represent time ². It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What are reproductive barriers?
What are reproductive barriers?
What are the mechanisms of speciation?
What are the mechanisms of speciation?
__________speciastion is the separation of a population from other
populations of the same species (usually due to geographic separation
__________speciastion is the separation of a population from other populations of the same species (usually due to geographic separation
What is the gene pool?
What is the gene pool?
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What is sexual selection?
What is sexual selection?
What is a species?
What is a species?
What is the mechanism proposed by Darwin for evolution?
What is the mechanism proposed by Darwin for evolution?
What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?
What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?
What is the gene pool?
What is the gene pool?
What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What are the major causes of microevolution?
What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers?
What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers?
What is the geological timescale?
What is the geological timescale?
Study Notes
Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes
-
Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
-
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
-
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
-
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
-
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
-
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
-
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
-
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
-
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
-
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
-
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
-
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
-
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
-
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
-
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.
Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes
-
Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
-
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
-
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
-
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
-
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
-
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
-
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
-
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
-
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
-
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
-
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
-
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
-
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
-
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
-
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.
Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes
-
Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
-
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
-
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
-
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
-
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
-
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
-
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
-
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
-
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
-
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
-
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
-
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
-
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
-
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
-
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and outcomes of evolution and speciation with this quiz! From natural selection to gene flow and reproductive barriers, this quiz covers the basics of micro and macroevolution. Explore the different outcomes of natural selection and the various mechanisms of speciation, including allopatric and sympatric. You'll also learn about the geological timescale and the five mass extinction events in Earth's history. Sharpen your understanding of evolution and speciation with this informative quiz.
