Evolution and Speciation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major groups of plants and how are they different

Gymnosperms and angiosperms

evolve not ___

all species tend to_

populations show extensive

many of these traits are

Thus, individuals whose inherited traits adapt them best to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce than their peers that lack those traits. This leads to

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This differential reproduction can lead to gradual changes_______________________, with good or adaptive traits accumulating over time.

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What is natural selection?

A mechanism for evolution proposed by Darwin Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene pool?

The total collection of genes in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

The absence of changes in allele frequencies over time Signup and view all the answers

Mostly parenchyma  Fills in space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue  Functions in photosynthesis, storage, suppor

ground tissue Signup and view all the answers

Examples  Trees, shrubs  Seed leaves  Two cotyledons  Leaf veins  branched  Stems  Vascular bundles in a ring  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5  Roots  Taproot, deep

Eudicot Signup and view all the answers

Buds  Undeveloped shoots  terminal and axillary The terminal bud produces___ that _ the growth of the buds. This results in the plant growing ___

hormones,inhibit, axillary, taller Signup and view all the answers

If you pinch off the terminal bud, axillary buds and flower production will _

will grow, increase Signup and view all the answers

Anchors the plant  Absorbs water and minerals  Stores food  Root hairs – outgrowth of an epidermal cell on a root that increases the root’s absorptive surface area.

Root Signup and view all the answers

horizontal stem above ground

Runner Signup and view all the answers

horizontal stems below ground

Rhizomes Signup and view all the answers

enlarged rhizomes

Tubers Signup and view all the answers

Most abundant  Functions in food storage and photosynthesis

parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Functions in support

collenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Rigid walls contain lignin  makes wood hard  Function in support

Sclerenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Transports water from roots to leaves

water-conducting cells Signup and view all the answers

Contains water-conducting cells  Transports water from roots  leaves

xylem Signup and view all the answers

xylem

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Outer covering that protects the plant and conserves water

epidermis Signup and view all the answers

xylem + phloem

vascular tissue Signup and view all the answers

____________________– a change in allele frequencies in a population over time

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What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

____________________– the total collection of genes in a population at any one time

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5 conditions necessary for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium:

------ must not occur to introduce new alleles into population

There must be no ----- to increase variablilty in the gene pool

A very ------ ------ size is required to ensure allele frequency is not changed through genetic drift

Mating must be ------ in the population

-------- ---------- must not occur to alter gene frequencies

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What is fitness from a biological perspective?

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_________________________ - a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.

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genetic drift resulting from an event that drastically reduces population size is?

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the colonization of a new location by a small group of individuals is called?

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_________________________ - the movement of individuals into or out of a population

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Microevolution can lead to _____________________

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the degree of adaptation that can occur is limited by the amount and kind of ___________________________ in the population

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this genetic variation is the result of ___________________ and

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Endangered species often have _____________________________

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Sexual selection is also called ___________________, where individuals of one sex are choosy

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When sexual selection produces marked differences between the sexes, the distinction in appearance is called __________________________

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Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited disorders persist in populations)

adaptations are often __________________

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selection can only edit ______________________ it can not create new traits

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Stabilizing selection--------

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Directional selection favors ______________, its common during environmental change

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Disruptive / diversifying selection favors ___________, occurs when environmental conditions are patchy or variable

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What is a species? a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and ______________________________

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What keeps species separate? zygotic barriers and __zygotic barriers

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_________ barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species

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______________ isolation-mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times

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__________Isolation - populations live in different habitats example

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_____________isolation - species do not recognize or are not attracted to another species’ behavior

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_________isolation - structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

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____________isolation - male and/or female gametes die before uniting or fail to unite

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________zygotic - barriers that prevent the development of fertile adults

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reduced hybrid ________hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

fertility Signup and view all the answers

reduced hybrid___________hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to reach sexual maturity

viability Signup and view all the answers

Hybrid_______offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile

breakdown Signup and view all the answers

___________speciation is a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier between mutants and the parent population

Sympatric Signup and view all the answers

_________ radiation the emergence of numerous species form a common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments

adaptive Signup and view all the answers

_____is theaccumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time

gradualism Signup and view all the answers

_______________ punctuation proposes that once a species appears in the fossil record, its population will become stable and show little evolutionary change for most of its geological history. significant evolutionary change occurs primarily through short bursts of intense speciation, followed by lengthy periods of stasis

equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

How many mass extinction events have happened in the history of earth?

5 Signup and view all the answers

__________bear seeds in cones

gymnosperms Signup and view all the answers

___________produce seeds enclosed in fruits.

Angiosperms Signup and view all the answers

The two groups are named after the number of “first leaves” on the plant embryo.  These seed leaves are called________

cotyledons Signup and view all the answers

Examples  Grass, corn, lilies  Seed leaves  One cotyledon  Leaf veins  Parallel veins  Stems  Complex vascular bundles  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 3  Roots  Fibrous, shallow

Monocot Signup and view all the answers

____________ timescape a system of chronological dating that uses the rock record of Earth to represent time ². It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages

geological Signup and view all the answers

What are the major causes of microevolution?

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow Signup and view all the answers

What are reproductive barriers?

Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanisms of speciation?

Allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations Signup and view all the answers

__________speciastion is the separation of a population from other populations of the same species (usually due to geographic separation

Allopatric Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene pool?

The total collection of genes in a population Signup and view all the answers

What are the major causes of microevolution?

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow Signup and view all the answers

What is sexual selection?

The selective breeding of individuals of one sex Signup and view all the answers

What is a species?

A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism proposed by Darwin for evolution?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

Artificial selection is human-driven, while natural selection occurs in nature Signup and view all the answers

What is the gene pool?

The total collection of genes in a population Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

The absence of changes in allele frequencies over time Signup and view all the answers

What are the major causes of microevolution?

Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers?

Prezygotic barriers prevent mating or fertilization between species, while postzygotic barriers prevent the development of fertile adults Signup and view all the answers

What is the geological timescale?

The division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes

Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.

Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes

Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.

Evolution and Speciation: Mechanisms and Outcomes

Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism for evolution based on the observation that species tend to vary, populations show extensive heritable variation, and traits adapt to the environment.
Natural selection leads to differential reproduction, and gradually, good or adaptive traits accumulate over time, resulting in evolution.
Artificial and natural selection are examples of selective breeding and differential reproduction, respectively.
Gene pool and allele frequencies are the total collection of genes in a population and the change in allele frequencies over time, respectively.
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium refers to the absence of changes in allele frequencies over time, and five conditions are necessary for it.
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are the major causes of microevolution.
Genetic drift and gene flow are examples of a change in gene pool due to chance and the movement of individuals into or out of a population, respectively.
Microevolution can lead to macroevolution, and the degree of adaptation is limited by genetic variation in the population.
Sexual selection refers to the selective breeding of individuals of one sex, and it can produce marked differences between the sexes.
Adaptations are often compromises, and selection can only edit existing variations.
Natural selection has three general outcomes: stabilizing, directional, and disruptive/diversifying selection.
A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and produce fertile offspring, and reproductive barriers keep species separate.
Reproductive barriers can be prezygotic, which prevent mating or fertilization between species, or postzygotic, which prevent the development of fertile adults.
The mechanisms of speciation are allopatric, sympatric, and adaptive radiations, and the process can be gradual or punctuated.
The geological timescale refers to the division of Earth's history into eons, eras, periods, and epochs, and there have been five mass extinction events in the history of Earth.

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Test your knowledge on the mechanisms and outcomes of evolution and speciation with this quiz! From natural selection to gene flow and reproductive barriers, this quiz covers the basics of micro and macroevolution. Explore the different outcomes of natural selection and the various mechanisms of speciation, including allopatric and sympatric. You'll also learn about the geological timescale and the five mass extinction events in Earth's history. Sharpen your understanding of evolution and speciation with this informative quiz.

Evolution and Speciation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the two major groups of plants and how are they different

______________________ evolve not _________________________

all species tend to_____________________ populations show extensive ____________________ many of these traits are

Thus, individuals whose inherited traits adapt them best to their environment are most likely to survive and reproduce than their peers that lack those traits. This leads to

This differential reproduction can lead to gradual changes_______________________, with good or adaptive traits accumulating over time.

What is natural selection?

What is the gene pool?

What is Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

Mostly parenchyma  Fills in space between the epidermis and the vascular tissue  Functions in photosynthesis, storage, suppor

Examples  Trees, shrubs  Seed leaves  Two cotyledons  Leaf veins  branched  Stems  Vascular bundles in a ring  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5  Roots  Taproot, deep

Buds  Undeveloped shoots  terminal and axillary The terminal bud produces_______ that _______ the growth of the ______ buds. This results in the plant growing _______

If you pinch off the terminal bud, axillary buds ______ and flower production will _______

Anchors the plant  Absorbs water and minerals  Stores food  Root hairs – outgrowth of an epidermal cell on a root that increases the root’s absorptive surface area.

horizontal stem above ground

horizontal stems below ground

enlarged rhizomes

Most abundant  Functions in food storage and photosynthesis

Functions in support

Rigid walls contain lignin  makes wood hard  Function in support

Transports water from roots to leaves

Contains water-conducting cells  Transports water from roots  leaves

xylem

Outer covering that protects the plant and conserves water

xylem + phloem

____________________– a change in allele frequencies in a population over time

What did Darwin propose as the mechanism for evolution?

____________________– the total collection of genes in a population at any one time

What is fitness from a biological perspective?

_________________________ - a change in the gene pool of a small population due to chance.

genetic drift resulting from an event that drastically reduces population size is?

the colonization of a new location by a small group of individuals is called?

_________________________ - the movement of individuals into or out of a population

Microevolution can lead to _____________________

the degree of adaptation that can occur is limited by the amount and kind of ___________________________ in the population

this genetic variation is the result of ___________________ and

Endangered species often have _____________________________

Sexual selection is also called ___________________, where individuals of one sex are choosy

When sexual selection produces marked differences between the sexes, the distinction in appearance is called __________________________

Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited disorders persist in populations) adaptations are often __________________

selection can only edit ______________________ it can not create new traits

Stabilizing selection--------

Directional selection favors ______________, its common during environmental change

Disruptive / diversifying selection favors ___________, occurs when environmental conditions are patchy or variable

What is a species? a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed and ______________________________

What keeps species separate? ____zygotic barriers and ______zygotic barriers

_________ barriers that prevent mating or fertilization between species

______________ isolation-mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or times

__________Isolation - populations live in different habitats example

_____________isolation - species do not recognize or are not attracted to another species’ behavior

_________isolation - structural differences in genitalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

____________isolation - male and/or female gametes die before uniting or fail to unite

________zygotic - barriers that prevent the development of fertile adults

reduced hybrid ________hybrids fail to produce functional gametes

reduced hybrid___________hybrid zygotes fail to develop or to reach sexual maturity

Hybrid_______offspring of hybrids are weak or infertile

___________speciation is a genetic change produces a reproductive barrier between mutants and the parent population

_________ radiation the emergence of numerous species form a common ancestor introduced to new and diverse environments

_____________is the________accumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time

How many mass extinction events have happened in the history of earth?

__________bear seeds in cones

___________produce seeds enclosed in fruits.

The two groups are named after the number of “first leaves” on the plant embryo.  These seed leaves are called________

Examples  Grass, corn, lilies  Seed leaves  One cotyledon  Leaf veins  Parallel veins  Stems  Complex vascular bundles  Flowers  Floral parts in multiples of 3  Roots  Fibrous, shallow

____________ timescape a system of chronological dating that uses the rock record of Earth to represent time ². It subdivides all time into named units of abstract time called—in descending order of duration—eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages

What are the major causes of microevolution?

What are reproductive barriers?

What are the mechanisms of speciation?

__________speciastion is the separation of a population from other populations of the same species (usually due to geographic separation

What is the gene pool?

What are the major causes of microevolution?

What is sexual selection?

What is a species?

What is the mechanism proposed by Darwin for evolution?

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

What is the gene pool?

What is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

evolve not ___

all species tend to_

populations show extensive

many of these traits are

Buds  Undeveloped shoots  terminal and axillary The terminal bud produces___ that _ the growth of the buds. This results in the plant growing ___

If you pinch off the terminal bud, axillary buds and flower production will _

Why aren’t all organisms “perfect”? (for instance some negative traits such as inherited disorders persist in populations)

adaptations are often __________________

What keeps species separate? zygotic barriers and __zygotic barriers

_____is theaccumulation of small evolutionary changes over long periods of time